抗心肌缺血损伤潜在治疗新靶点——线粒体

缺血预处理可减轻缺血对心肌造成的损伤,提高病人的生存能力。近年来的研究发现,缺血预处理最终通过位于心肌线粒体内膜上的几种蛋白通道发挥作用。因此,研究可调控这些重要通道功能的特异药物,对于预防和治疗缺血性心肌病具有重要的临床意义。线粒体将会成为一个有潜力的重要的治疗缺血性心脏病的新的药物作用靶点。     

心肌保护新靶点——线粒体钙激活钾通道研究进展

心肌缺血再灌注损伤与线粒体有密切的关系.其中,位于线粒体的钾通道受到了人们的广泛关注.除了已被许多研究证明的线粒体ATP敏感钾通道参与心肌缺血再灌注的保护作用外,近年来研究发现的线粒体内膜钙激活钾通道也参与心肌保护作用,而国内相关研究报道很少.本文拟就心肌细胞线粒体上的钙激活钾通道结构、生物学特性和心脏缺血再灌注中的心肌保护作用进行简要阐述.     

心肌保护新靶点——线粒体钙激活钾通道研究进展

心肌缺血再灌注损伤与线粒体有密切的关系。其中,位于线粒体的钾通道受到了人们的广泛关注。除了已被许多研究证明的线粒体ATP敏感钾通道参与心肌缺血再灌注的保护作用外,近年来研究发现的线粒体内膜钙激活钾通道也参与心肌保护作用,而国内相关研究报道很少。本文拟就心肌细胞线粒体上的钙激活钾通道结构、生物学特性和心脏缺血再灌注中的心肌保护作用进行简要阐述。     

缺血再灌注损伤的保护——预处理到后处理的哲学思考

缺血预处理定减轻缺血再灌注损伤的有效措施,是事物矛盾性的具体体现。缺血预处理把矛盾两个对立面统一起来,将损伤（缺血）转化为战胜损伤（减轻缺血再灌注损伤）的有效手段,同时缺血预处理也是外因和内因两者作用的辩证统一。缺血后处理是近年发现的能减轻缺血再灌注损伤的有效措施,在缺血后处理中亦体现了矛盾的对立统一规律及外因和内因两者相互作用的辩证统一规律。     

缺血再灌注损伤的保护——预处理到后处理的哲学思考

缺血预处理是减轻缺血再灌注损伤的有效措施,是事物矛盾性的具体体现.缺血预处理把矛盾两个对立面统一起来,将损伤(缺血)转化为战胜损伤(减轻缺血再灌注损伤)的有效手段,同时缺血预处理也是外因和内因两者作用的辩证统一.缺血后处理是近年发现的能减轻缺血再灌注损伤的有效措施,在缺血后处理中亦体现了矛盾的对立统一规律及外因和内因两者相互作用的辩证统一规律.     

心肌缺血再灌注损伤治疗新策略——胆碱能抗炎通路

缺血再灌注损伤（ischemia／reperfusion injury,IRI）是在组织器官缺血恢复血流后,细胞代谢功能障碍及结构破坏反而加重的现象。炎症及其介质可诱发、加重心肌缺血再灌注损伤,已证明与其关系密切。胆碱能抗炎通路是新发现的一条与神经免疫机制相关的抗炎通路,通过分泌乙酰胆碱,抑制炎症因子释放,为防治心肌缺血再灌注损伤提供新的治疗策略。     

抗感染治疗新靶点——细菌生物膜

自然条件下,微生物以浮游和生物膜两种生长状态存在,不同生长状态细菌的生物学特征存在显著差异。研究认为细菌生物膜是细菌耐药性形成的重要机制之一,是许多慢性感染性疾病反复发作和难以控制的主要原因。细菌生物膜主要经定植、释放和影响宿主免疫系统而致病,临床常见生物膜相关感染包括生物医学材料相关感染和慢性感染。细菌生物膜及其相关感染,日益成为临床医疗工作的重点和难点。以细菌生物膜为对象,从细菌生物膜及其细菌的生物学特征出发,寻找其特异性药物作用靶点,进行定向药物研发,是解决细菌耐药性和细菌生物膜相关感染的有力措施。     

抗感染治疗新靶点--细菌生物膜

自然条件下,微生物以浮游和生物膜两种生长状态存在,不同生长状态细菌的生物学特征存在显著差异.研究认为细菌生物膜是细菌耐药性形成的重要机制之一,是许多慢性感染性疾病反复发作和难以控制的主要原因.细菌生物膜主要经定植、释放和影响宿主免疫系统而致病,临床常见生物膜相关感染包括生物医学材料相关感染和慢性感染.细菌生物膜及其相关感染,日益成为临床医疗工作的重点和难点.以细菌生物膜为对象,从细菌生物膜及其细菌的生物学特征出发,寻找其特异性药物作用靶点,进行定向药物研发,是解决细菌耐药性和细菌生物膜相关感染的有力措施.     

为心脏衰竭寻找新的治疗靶点和策略：科学基本知识的新进展

慢性心脏衰竭仍然对大量的医疗保健造成很大的影响,给患者及社会造成了较为沉重的负担。尽管最近对慢性心脏衰竭的治疗进展层出不穷,但仍应值得重视。最终导致慢性心脏衰竭最关键的病理生理进程是在应对慢性疾病的过程中发生的心脏重塑。基于此,研究者回顾分析了相关的最新研究进展,研究和理解了慢性心脏衰竭在复杂的心脏重塑过程中起作用的一...     

Seat belt usage: A potential target for applied behavior analysis

Results of 1,579 observations of cars entering or exiting campus parking lots showed direct relationships between seat belt wearing and the intrusiveness of the engineering device designed to induce belt usage, and between device intrusiveness and system defeat. For example, all drivers with working interlocks or unlimited buzzer reminders were wearing a seat belt; but 62% of the systems with interlocks or unlimited buzzers had been defeated, and only 15.9% of the drivers in these cars were wearing a seat belt. The normative data indicated marked ineffectiveness of the negative reinforcement contingencies implied by current seat belt inducement systems; but suggested that unlimited buzzer systems would be the optimal system currently available if contingencies were developed to discourage the disconnection and circumvention of such systems. Positive reinforcement strategies are discussed that would be quite feasible for large-scale promotion of seat belt usage.     

The effect of acute stress exposure on ischemia and reperfusion injury in rat heart: role of oxytocin

Previous studies showed the protective effects of oxytocin (OT) on myocardial injury in ischemic and reperfused rat heart. Moreover, exposure to various stressors not only evokes sudden cardiovascular effects but also triggers the release of OT in the rat. The present study was aimed to evaluate the possible cardioprotective effects of endogenous OT released in response to stress (St), and effects of administration of exogenous OT on the ischemic-reperfused isolated heart of rats previously exposed to St. Wistar rats were divided into six groups: ischemia/reperfusion (IR); St: rats exposed to swim St for 10?min before anesthesia; St+atosiban (ATO): an OT receptor antagonist, was administered (1.5?mg/kg?i.p.) prior to St; St+OT: OT was administered (0.03?mg/kg?i.p.) prior to St; OT: OT was administrated prior to anesthesia; ATO was given prior to anesthesia. Isolated hearts were perfused with Krebs buffer solution by the Langendorff method and subjected to 30?min of regional ischemia followed by 60?min of reperfusion. The infarct size (IS) and creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in coronary effluent were measured. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded throughout the experiment. The plasma concentrations of OT and corticosterone were significantly increased by St. Unexpectedly St decreased IR injury compared with the IR alone group. OT administration significantly inhibited myocardial injury, and administration of ATO with St abolished recovery of the rate pressure product, and increased IS and levels of CK-MB and LDH. These findings indicate that activation of cardiac OT receptors by OT released in response to St may participate in cardioprotection and inhibition of myocardial IR injury.     

A new justification for pediatric research without the potential for clinical benefit

Pediatric research without the potential for clinical benefit is vital to improving pediatric medical care. This research also raises ethical concern and is regarded by courts and commentators as unethical. While at least 10 justifications have been proposed in response, all have fundamental limitations. This article describes and defends a new justification based on the fact that enrollment in clinical research offers children the opportunity to contribute to a valuable project. Contributing as children to valuable projects can benefit individuals in two ways. First, individuals may come to "embrace" the contributions they made as children. Second, contributing to valuable projects can lead to a better overall life. Because these potential benefits can outweigh small research risks, they provide a justification for pediatric research without the potential for clinical benefit, when it poses low risks and has the potential to benefit others in important ways.     

Co-research: A new methodology for new times

This article describes an innovative methodology based on inter-organizational collaboration between academics and practitioners, using a “co-research” method that builds on but goes beyond the methodology of insider/outsider research teams. Co-research establishes a dialectical process of enquiry by drawing on the complementary perspectives, interests, skills, and knowledge bases of academics and practitioners. Co-research is based on a triad of research roles. First, the academic responsible for the research, who manages the research team and who contributes an “outsider” view of the organization. Second, the host manager employed by the organization being researched. This person brings an “insider” perspective on the organization. Third, the co-researcher from a different organization who carries out the research alongside the academic(s). He or she is an “insider” in that they are familiar with the type of organization being researched, but an “outsider” in that their own organization has a different context and processes. This article argues that co-research is effective in producing valid organizational research, partly through the harnessing of inside/outsider knowledge and partly through “surprise and sense-making” (Louis, 1980). The research paradigm is one of knowledge generation through a negotiated and dialectical approach to organizational processes.