大学生心理健康教育教学模式的构建与实践研究

采用自然教学实验法,探索提高大学生心理健康水平的有效途径与教学模式。结果表明（1）开设心理健康教育课程并辅以心理咨询是眼下提高大学生心理健康水平的有效措施之一;（2）不同系科心理健康教育的效果不同,心理健康教育课程应根据学生的个别差异有针对性地进行;（3）大学生心理健康教育课程的教学模式为“面上集中释疑,线上互相解疑,点上个别辅导”。     

青少年亲子关系与心理健康的相关研究

本文采用亲子关系测验(PCRR)与SCL-90量表评定了349名青少年的亲子关系与心理健康状况,运用相关分析的方法探讨了亲子关系对心理健康的影响。结果表明：80％以上的青少年家庭至少存在一种不良的亲子关系,其中最突出的类型为期待型亲子关系、溺爱型亲子关系和不安型亲子关系;青少年在强迫症、人际关系不良、焦虑和敌对等方面存在比较多的心理健康问题;亲子关系与心理健康状况存在显著的高相关,不同类型的不良好亲子关系与青少年不同的心理健康问题有关。     

不同阶层心理健康观念及需求状况的调查研究

运用开放式和封闭式问卷调查法 ,对不同阶层共 483人的心理健康观念及心理健康需求状况进行了调查研究。结果表明 :( 1 )不同阶层、不同年龄段的人关于心理健康标准的观念具有显著差异。 ( 2 )人们认为 ,心理健康的人应具有的最典型特征是“处世乐观、热情、诚恳”和“心平气和、与世无争、乐于助人”。 ( 3 )心理不健康的人或心理变态的人所表现的最典型特征是“性格孤僻、与人不合群”和“对生活失去信心、悲观”。 ( 4)虽然不少人认为心理健康与咨询工作者当前最急需开展的工作是“宣传心理健康知识、开展心理卫生服务” ,但只有极少的人能够正视自己的心理健康需求 ,提出自己需要心理健康服务或咨询。     

中国人的人格与心理健康

系统总结了中国人人格与心理健康之间关系的研究。首先,对心理健康的含义进行了理论分析,提出了心理健康由心身症状的缺失、行为抑制的降低、自我和谐水平的提高以及主观幸福感的提升等4个不同的水平构成,并对人格与心理健康的4个水平之间的关系进行了综述,特别分析了人格与心理健康的结构方程模型,以及不同人格维度对心理健康的促进、抑制、及促进-抑制作用。文中还提出了建立中国人的人格耐受性模型的设想,并对将来研究的方向进行了讨论     

高中生应对方式与心理健康关系的研究

本研究以中学生应对方式问卷、自编的两个具体应激情境下的应对问卷和SCL-90量表为调查工具。对466名高中生的测量结果表明：(1)高中生的应对方式是影响其心理健康的重要因素,采取不同的应对方式可能为不同的心理问题提供相应的心理归因条件;(2)应对方式与心理健康之间的关系是复杂的,在不同的应激情境下,对心理健康产生重要影响的应对方式是不同的,同一应对方式在不同的应激情境下会产生不同的效果,即应对方式对心理健康的影响与应激情境有关。     

藏族学生控制源、社会支持与心理健康的研究

目的探讨玉树民族中学藏族学生控制源、社会支持与心理健康的关系。方法采用心理健康、内外控制源和领悟社会支持量表。结果①不同性别学生心理健康总分差异显著,社会支持和控制源得分差异不显著。②不同年级学生在控制源差异显著,其余变量差异不显著。③除家庭支持外,心理控制源、社会支持及其各维度与心理健康显著相关。④控制源和朋友支持对心理健康有很好的预测作用。结论控制源和社会支持在一定程度上对心理健康有预测作用。     

市民人格特征及其与心理健康的关系研究

为探讨南京市民人格特征及其与心理健康的关系,对南京市民进行抽样调查。结果显示南京市民的人格特征较一般人群更外向,掩饰程度较高;性别、年龄、职业以及文化程度与人格特征存在一定关系;不同人格类型的市民心理健康水平不同;年龄、情绪稳定性及内外向性对心理健康有预测作用。     

重庆市农民工心理健康状况调查

采用修订过的精神症状自评量表(SCL-90)探讨分析重庆市农民工心理健康状况。在重庆市南纪门农民工劳务市场随机抽样,测评了有效样本343个。统计分析结果表明:重庆市农民工中等程度以上的心理问题检出率为21.87%;重庆市农民工心理健康水平非常显著低于全国正常人平均水平;不同婚姻状况的重庆市农民工,心理健康水平差异显著;而不同收入水平重庆市农民工心理健康水平没有显著差异。重庆市农民工心理健康问题值得重视与研究。     

不同学业成绩初中生心理健康的比较研究

目的比较不同学业成绩初中生心理健康水平的差异,力求为学校开展有针对性的心理健康教育提供参考与依据。方法采用王极盛教授编制的《初中生心理健康量表（MSSMHS）》,对重庆市三所中学400名初中生的心理健康状况进行测查。结果①不同学业成绩初中生之间测试分值在总体上差异不显著,但在学习压力、心理不平衡和情绪不平衡3个因子上差异显著;②不同学业成绩初中生之间测试分值的性别差异显著,另外,在男生之间总体差异不显著,女生之间总体差异显著,主要表现在学习压力、适应不良和情绪不平衡3个因子上,学习优秀生测试分值低于学习中等生和学习后进生,而中等生与后进生间差异不显著。结论不同学业成绩初中生心理健康水平虽在总体上差异不显著,但在某些因子上存在显著差异;不同学业成绩初中生之间心理健康水平的差异在性别上表现出不同的特点。     

印象管理与心理健康表现之相关

本研究旨在考察中国人印象管理与心理健康表现的相关.研究采用印象管理问卷和一般健康问卷,对某石油国企员工进行调查,发现印象管理程度越高的人,其心理健康程度越差;自我推销和威胁策略与焦虑失眠呈正相关;迎合策略与躯体化症状呈正相关,但和严重抑郁呈负相关;示弱策略与社交障碍呈正相关;做秀策略与心理健康各维度均没有显著相关.结果表明不同的印象管理策略对心理健康有不同的影响.     

大学生心理素质的隐含研究

运用隐含研究方法揭示大学生应具备的心理素质及结构。结果显示：坚强、自信乐观等20项特征是大学生重要的心理品质;教师与大学生对心理素质的提名存在差异;人们心目中的大学生心理素质主要有发展动因、行为方式和自我管理三个维度组成。     

心理资本对大学生就业成功率的影响

心理资本近年已成为研究大学生就业状况相关问题的热点之一.研究采用问卷调查法探讨了性别、生源地、专业、实习经验等因素对大学生心理资本的影响,以及两者对大学生就业成功率的影响.具体采用列联表分析、￡检验、方差分析以及二元logistic回归分析分析了心理资本各维度与各因素对大学生就业成功率的影响,发现专业和实习经历对心理资本有显著影响,心理资本中的乐观维度对大学生就业成功率有显著影响;建议为了提高大学生就业成功率,学校应努力为大学生提供更多的实践机会,重视大学生的人文教育,营造乐观的文化氛围.     

The experience of psychological therapies for people with multiple sclerosis: A mixed-methods study towards a patient-centred approach to exploring processes of change

Psychological therapies are effective for managing multiple sclerosis (MS) symptoms such as depression, pain and fatigue. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), mindfulness and other theory-led approaches have been applied and were found to have moderate effects. The present study adopts a patient-led approach to investigate people with MS' (PwMS) experiences of psychological therapies and the change processes they identify. In this naturalistic, mixed-methods design, semistructured interviews were conducted and three questionnaires were administered to 20 PwMS at two different times. Qualitative data collection and analysis followed the interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) guidelines, and quantitative data were analysed using paired t tests. Four superordinate themes described the participants' experiences of change as related to their psychological therapy: from despair to relief; from feeling their body as alien to becoming acquainted with an unpredictable new body; from helplessness to empowerment; and from punishment to forgiveness. Quantitative results showed that physical function and general health perception improved, and anxiety was significantly reduced. Despite seeking help from diverse psychological therapy modalities, the analysis revealed common themes that the participants found significant in their therapy stories. Following a patient-centred approach, the development of psychological therapies for PwMS should focus on their relationships, everyday lives, body perception, losses, shame and guilt. PwMS also need to be understood and acknowledged beyond their condition.     

试论现代社会变化对人们心理健康的影响

分析现代社会变化的特点与心理问题的内在关系,现实的社会变化对人们心理健康既有积极影响,也有很大危害.焦虑等心理障碍的发生与社会变化的非理性因素有密切关系.在促进社会发展中要考虑社会变化对心理健康的影响后果,根据心理卫生的要求扬优抑劣,尽量避免或减少其对心理的劣性刺激.     

生命控制感对内外在控制感与心理健康之间关系的调节和中介作用

本研究的目的是检验生命控制感对内在控制感和外在控制感与心理健康之间关系的调节和中介作用。所使用的测量工具有：生命控制感量表（LCS）,内外在控制感量表（LOCS）,自尊量表（SES）和一般健康问卷（GHQ-20）。被试为来自北京市三所高校的788名大学生。研究结果为：生命控制感对内在控制感和外在控制感与自尊和一般健康状况之间的关系均存在调节作用,但不存在中介作用。研究结论是：生命控制感对于内在控制感和外在控制感与心理健康之间的关系具有调节作用,但不具中介作用。     

Health,social comparisons,and psychological well-being: Their cross-time relationships

The purposes of this short-term longitudinal study were to investigate (a) stability and change in social comparisons across time; (b) the relationship between physical health and the use of social comparisons across time; (c) whether psychological well-being is best predicted by prior or concurrent social comparisons; and (d) the moderating effects of social comparisons. Community-dwelling elderly women (N=149) completed self-report instruments designed to measure social comparisons, psychological well-being, and physical health at two times, 2 years apart. Worse health at Time 1 predicted more frequent and less positive social comparisons at Time 2. Concurrent, but not prior, social comparisons contributed to a number of domains of psychological well-being. Further, the effects of prior health status on subsequent psychological functioning (Time 2) were moderated by social comparison processes. Women in poorest health who engaged in positive social comparisons showed less depression and anxiety and more positive relations with others at Time 2. Little support was found for the influence of prior psychological functioning on subsequent physical health.     

Expressive writing promotes self‐reported physical,social and psychological health among Chinese undergraduates

The present study examines the efficacy of expressive writing among Chinese undergraduates. The sample comprised of 74 undergraduates enrolled in a 9‐week intervention (35 in experimental class vs. 39 in control class). The writing exercises were well‐embedded in an elective course for the two classes. The 46‐item simplified Chinese Self‐Rated Health Measurement Scale, which assesses psychological, physical and social health, was adopted to measure the outcome of this study. Baseline (second week) and post‐test (ninth week) scores were obtained during the classes. After the intervention on the eighth week, the self‐reported psychological, social and physical health of the experimental class improved. Psychological health obtained the maximum degree of improvement, followed by social and physical health. Furthermore, female participants gained more psychological improvement than males. These results demonstrated that the expressive writing approach could improve the physical, social and psychological health of Chinese undergraduates, and the method can be applied in university psychological consulting settings in Mainland China.     

心理距离对大学生职业决策偏好的影响

职业决策对大学生职业生涯发展具有重要意义。心理距离作为个体决策的重要影响因素之一,是否也影响着大学生的职业决策偏好？研究通过4个实验,采用2（心理距离：远、近）*2（性别：男、女）混合实验设计,以大学生为研究对象,探讨了心理距离（空间距离、时间距离、社会距离、假设性）和性别对职业决策偏好的影响。研究发现：(1)大学生在心理距离远的情境下更偏好选择稳定、职业声望高的职业;在心理距离近的情境下更偏好选择薪资高、专业对口的职业。（2）空间距离、时间距离、社会距离近的情境下,男大学生比女大学生更偏好选择薪资高、专业对口的职业。     

The Link Between Psychological Abuse Victimization and Physical Health in College Students

Victims of intimate partner violence have a wide array of mental and physical health symptoms. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between psychological abuse victimization and physical health symptoms among college students. Male and female college students completed a Web-based survey to assess victimization of different forms of psychological abuse, a variety of physical health symptoms, and current academic stressors. Results found that psychological abuse victimization in the form of dominance and intimidation provided incremental predictive power above and beyond that of academic stressors in determining physical health symptoms regarding the stomach and chest, muscles and skeleton, and nervous system. Future investigation of the role of intimate partner psychological victimization on physical health issues in college students is warranted.     

One-year follow-up analysis of cognitive and psychological consequences among survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake

The catastrophic Wenchuan earthquake measuring 8.0 on the Richter scale occurred on May 12, 2008 in the West of the Sichuan basin in China and caused severe damage. A project was undertaken to examine the cognitive and psychological effects one year after the disaster among 2080 individuals in the local area. We evaluated the influence of gender, age, education level, and ethnic group on five aspects: work satisfaction, living satisfaction, health self-perception, psychological pressure, and psychological recovery. Male subjects had a better performance in all five aspects, which indicated that women were more affected. Subjects of different ethnic groups showed significantly different attitudes with respect to psychological pressure and psychological recovery. Significant differences for all the five aspects were also found in education level and age. The results showed that older people and those with a lower education level probably had more psychological problems. There were significant correlations between work satisfaction and living satisfaction, living satisfaction and health self-perception, living satisfaction and psychological recovery, and psychological pressure and psychosocial recovery. Living satisfaction and education level were significant predictors of psychological pressure. For psychological recovery, significant predictors were living satisfaction, age, work satisfaction, education level, and gender. The study findings indicated that government programs should provide more support for females, older people, those with a lower education level, and those in lower living conditions. Attention should be given not only to the psychological effects on each victim, but also to related issues such as work and living conditions to promote psychological wellbeing. Limitations of this study are addressed.