干预对社区原发性高血压患者依从行为和自我功效影响的研究

干预前采用问卷法对90名研究对象的依从行为和自我功效水平进行调查,了解其基线水平的基础上修改干预方案,干预后再次采用问卷法评价干预效果.干预后,研究对象的自我功效水平由低水平提高到中等水平,依从行为水平由中低水平提高到高水平,强化了社区原发性高血压患者自我护理能力.     

青少年网络道德与其网络亲社会行为的关系

青少年是互联网的最大用户群体,他们的网络道德和亲社会行为表现值得关注。该研究使用问卷法探讨了447名中学生网络道德和网络亲社会行为的特点及其之间的关系,发现：青少年的网络道德较积极;青少年在网络环境中表现的亲社会行为类型由高到低依次为:紧急型、利他型、情绪型、匿名型、依从型、公开型,其网络亲社会行为水平较高;青少年的网络亲社会行为水平随年级升高而下降;网络道德认知和网络道德情感对网络亲社会行为有正向预测作用.     

大学生自我监控与自我设限的关系

采用问卷法以在校大学生为研究对象,研究自我监控与自我设限的相关关系。提出理论假设,即大学生群体在社会交际过程中自我监控越高的人更可能倾向于采取自我设限的保护策略。结果显示,自我监控与自陈式自我设限存在显著相关,但是与行动式自我设限没有相关。这表明在大学生群体中,自我监控对自我设限存在一定的预测和干预作用。     

高低自立水平儿童的自我延迟满足的实验研究

目的:探索不同自立水平儿童自我延迟满足的注意机制及发展特点.方法:应用6-12岁儿童自立行为问卷对272名小学一年级学生的自立水平进行评定,根据儿童在自立行为问卷上的总分按由高至低排序,从高分到低分取40名儿童作为高自立组,由低分到高分取40名儿童作为低自立组,对两组被试采用Mischel的自我延迟满足等待实验范式,进行自我延迟满足的实验对照研究.结果:(1)两组儿童在两种奖励物都不呈现情境下平均延迟时间最长,在呈现奖励物的三种情境下平均延迟时间较短;(2)高、低自立水平儿童在延迟时间、延迟策略上存在显著差异.结论:与低自立水平儿童相比,高自立水平儿童自我延迟满足能力更强,提示儿童的自立发展水平可以预测其自我延迟满足的能力.     

大学生自我担当对道德困境下亲社会行为意愿的影响：自我效能感和预期自豪的链式中介作用

为探究大学生自我担当对其亲社会行为意愿的影响机制,采用问卷法测查了836名大学生的自我担当水平、一般自我效能感、预期自豪情绪和亲社会行为意愿。结果发现：大学生自我担当不仅能直接促进亲社会行为意愿,还能通过自我效能感经预期自豪的链式中介作用间接影响亲社会行为意愿,但自我效能感的直接预测作用不显著。研究发现为通过责任感激发和道德情绪培养来提升大学生道德水平提供了理论依据。     

自我录像示范干预学龄初期儿童课堂学业自立的个案研究

为了探讨自我录像示范对学龄初期儿童课堂学业自立养成的影响,研究采用单个被试的A-B实验设计,用自我录像示范对一名学龄初期儿童的课堂学业自立进行干预。结果表明:自我录像示范的干预能提高个案的课堂学业自立水平,在干预期和追踪期出现高课堂学业自立行为的频次均高于基线期。结论:自我录像示范能够促进学龄初期儿童课堂学业自立的养成。儿童对于示范录像中目标行为的习得和运用可以泛化到日常生活中类似的其他情境中,且情景越相似,效果越佳。     

消费者用药依从行为探析：基于两阶段理论模型

个体健康行为改变是否存在阶段性是当前争议的焦点。用药依从行为作为关键的影响医疗效果指标,对个体的身心健康产生重要影响。前人对于用药依从水平的研究综述大多是从医学角度,着眼于特定疾病的用药依从行为。然而,在医疗保健行业市场化的背景下,鲜有研究从消费者的视角出发,探究信息加工方式和心理过程对消费者用药依从行为的影响。同时,现有研究也缺乏对依从行为的理论分类和论述。基于两阶段理论模型回顾了营销领域影响消费者用药依从行为的影响因素,梳理了干预策略,并提出未来研究趋势与展望。在理论上,这有助于从健康行为改变阶段上理解个体的用药依从行为,丰富健康领域的阶段理论。在实践上有助于更好地理解消费者的心理健康和行为规律,并为慢性病管理提供了营销方面的启示。     

关爱自己，更关爱他人：自我同情的“利他”机制

为探讨自我同情的“利他”心理机制,研究1采用自我同情量表、生命意义感量表、心理弹性量表和亲社会行为量表对538名大学生进行调查。结果发现：(1)自我同情、生命意义感、心理弹性与亲社会行为之间两两显著正相关,自我同情正向显著预测亲社会行为;(2)生命意义感在自我同情与亲社会行为间起独立中介作用;(3)心理弹性在自我同情与亲社会行为间起独立中介作用;(4)自我同情可以通过生命意义感与心理弹性的链式中介作用对亲社会行为产生影响。研究2采用干预法对被试的自我同情进行为期7天的干预,结果发现：随着自我同情水平的提升,被试的亲社会行为也显著提升。该研究揭示了自我同情影响亲社会行为的潜在心理机制,对自我同情的社会效益有一定的启发意义。     

少年自我意识发展的特点

一、课题的提出我们在完成由朱智贤教授领衔的国家重点科研项目,《中国儿童青少年心理发展与教育》中的子课题《初中学生自我意识发展特点的研究》之后,提出本课题,目的在于探索在商品经济发展的温州地区少年(初中生)自我意识发展的特点,为教育改革提供点心理学的依据。我们选择温州市、镇、乡各一所普通中学,每所学校各为三个班级(初一到初三),每班为50名,男女各半,总共450名作为研究对象。本研究采用问卷法,并辅以档案分析和教师座谈法。问卷分为三大部分:(1)成人感·独立性、性意识和自尊心;(2)自我评价,包括个性品质自我评价和对他人的评价、学业评价、智力评价;(3)自我教育,包括自我规划、自我控制和自我矫正。每张问卷有55分题目,每个题目分三个     

学前儿童自我控制行为家长评定问卷的编制及其结构验证

目的:编制学前儿童自我控制行为家长评定问卷并对其结构进行验证。方法:在理论分析和开放式问卷调查的基础上,编制了学前儿童自我控制行为家长评定问卷,并采用探索性因素分析与验证性因素分析相结合的方法,分别对263名和387名学前儿童的自我控制行为进行结构的探索与验证。结果:学前儿童自我控制行为由独立性、自觉性、坚持性、自制力和自我延迟满足五个维度构成;学前儿童自我控制行为问卷具有较好的信效度,其结构在不同性别、城乡样本中具有稳定性。结论:学前儿童自我控制行为是一个五因素的结构,所编制的问卷可作为学前儿童自我控制行为家长评定的工具。     

Effect of baseline self-efficacy on physical activity and psychological stress after a one-week pedometer intervention

Physical activity and psychological stress were hypothesized to improve more in participants with high self-efficacy than in those with low and medium self-efficacy after a one-week intervention. 39 female university students participated. The intervention had two steps: a lecture on self-monitoring and goal setting (160 min.) and a one-week pedometer intervention. Analyses were conducted on tertile groups according to self-efficacy at baseline. Pedometer step counts were higher in the high self-efficacy group than in the low self-efficacy group after intervention. Helplessness decreased time dependently after intervention only in the high-self-efficacy group. Because physical activity improved more in the high self-efficacy group after a one-week intervention, one hypothesis was supported.     

Can intervention in emotional competences increase employability prospects of unemployed adults?

The purpose of the present study is to explore the effects of a structured intervention in emotional competences (EC) on employability prospects of unemployed adults. More precisely, the objective is to analyse whether enhancing EC (such as identifying and expressing emotions, understanding emotions, and regulating one's own and others' emotions) can improve perception of employability, job search, entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial self-efficacy and improve reemployment success among unemployed participants. Seventy three participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental (40) or control group (33), and the experimental group underwent a 15 h intervention focused on improving EC and developing effective emotion regulation strategies. Both groups completed all the measures before the intervention (T1), one month later (T2), and six months after the intervention (T3). The results showed that the participants in the experimental group significantly increased their level of perceived employability, overall entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and three dimensions of entrepreneurial self-efficacy after the intervention, unlike their control group counterparts. Moreover, the experimental group showed more reemployment success and less reemployment delay than the control group. No changes were detected in job search or entrepreneurial intention in either group after the intervention. In addition, the positive effects of the intervention were not maintained six months after the intervention. The results suggest that structured interventions in EC can increase people's beliefs in their own capabilities (entrepreneurial self-efficacy) and their ability to find employment (employability) and can contribute to the actual reemployment.     

Mediating Roles of Self-Set Goals,Goal Commitment,Self-Efficacy,and Attractiveness in the Incentive-Performance Relation

The effects of monetary incentives on performance were examined in 2 studies. These effects were hypothesized to be through the intermediary motivational processes of self-efficacy, attractiveness ratings, goal level, and goal commitment. In Study 1, 80 subjects worked solving anagrams on 8 trials under 1 of 4 monetary incentive conditions (piece rate, hourly rate, competitive bonus, and goal attainment bonus). In Study 2, 146 subjects worked solving anagrams on 4 trials under 1 of 4 monetary incentive conditions (piece rate, informed bonus, uninformed bonus, and assigned bonus). In both studies, subjects self-set goal levels both before and after the incen- tive manipulation. Results from both studies indicated that tying rewards to goal attainment resulted in subjects having lower goal levels and lower self-efficacy, whereas piece-rate systems resulted in higher goal levels and higher self-efficacy. In addition, goal levels and self-efficacy partially mediated the relation between incentives and performance.     

Imposed and chosen monitoring and blunting strategies in the dental setting: Effects, self-efficacy, and coping preference

Abstract In the present study, 94 dental patients received either monitoring (i.e., paying attention) or blunting (i.e., distraction) coping instructions during treatment. Half of the patients were given the possibility of choice, whereas the other half were offered one of both strategies without choice. A majority of the patients (n=61) indicated that the intervention had resulted in a decrease of their anxiety. Some indications were found for the monitoring strategy to be more effective than the blunting strategy. More specifically, monitoring strategy subjects reported that they had experienced less distress during treatment than blunting strategy subjects. In agreement with this finding, self-efficacy ratings of monitoring strategy subjects were higher than those of blunting strategy subjects. Possibility of choice and coping preference had no substantial influence on effectiveness of the interventions.     

乳腺癌患者术后自我效能、应对方式及生活质量的相关性研究

调查乳腺癌患者术后自我效能、应对方式与生活质量,探讨三者间的相互关系.应用一般自我效能感量表、医学应对问卷和生活质量测定量表对116例乳腺癌术后患者的自我效能、应对方式和生活质量状况进行测评,并分析三者间的相互关系.乳腺癌术后患者自我效能处于较低水平,应对方式趋向于采取屈服方式,生活质量处于较高水平,自我效能、应对方式和生活质量三者之间存在一定程度的关联,可以通过提高患者的自我效能,指导患者采用积极的应对方式改善其生活质量.     

心理干预对急性冠脉综合征伴抑郁患者应对方式的影响

为了解心理干预对急性冠脉综合征（ACS）伴抑郁患者应对方式的影响,对42名ACS伴抑郁患者随机分为干预组和对照组,在入组时、入组3月后和6月后分别进行HAD（d）、MCMQ测评。结果显示入组3月后和6月后,干预组HAD（d）总分、回避因子分、屈服因子分较对照组降低,面对因子分较对照组升高,与入组时相比干预组HAD（d）...     

品管圈对卒中偏瘫患者肢体功能锻炼的效果观察

探讨品管圈活动在卒中偏瘫患者肢体功能锻炼中的应用效果。将66例患者随机分为对照组（常规锻炼组）和试验组（品管圈组）,分别行不同模式的功能锻炼。采用康复护理日常生活活动（RNADL）量表分别对其日常生活活动能力（ADL）进行评定。试验组自理能力高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,且其依从性与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。品管圈有助于提高卒中偏瘫患者功能锻炼的依从性。     

大学生外语焦虑、自我效能感与外语成绩关系的研究

以315名大学生为研究对象,采用t检验、相关分析、方差分析和回归分析技术探讨了不同成绩水平、不同性别、不同专业学生的外语焦虑、自我效能感和外语成绩的差异及三者之间的关系。结果表明:(1)外语成绩及格组学生的外语焦虑水平显著低于不及格组学生,自我效能感显著高于不及格组学生;女大学生的外语成绩、自我效能感及能力因子和挫折因子上的自我效能感显著高于男大学生,男女大学生的外语焦虑水平无显著性差异;文科大学生的外语焦虑水平和外语成绩显著高于理科大学生,文、理科学生的自我效能感无显著性差异;(2)外语焦虑与外语成绩呈显著负相关,与自我效能感呈显著负相关,自我效能感与外语成绩呈显著正相关,性别、专业、外语焦虑、自我效能感、效能感的能力和挫折两个因子是外语成绩的显著预测变量。     

Impact d’une prise en charge par hypnose sur le vécu et l’observances des recommandations hydriques en hémodialyse : résultats d’un protocole à cas unique chez deux patients

IntroductionHemodialysis is associated with dietary and fluid restrictions, which can be a source of frustration, suffering and non-compliance in many patients. Hypnosis, a booming therapeutic tool in the health field, could improve patients’ feelings. The objective of this study is to assess the effect of hypnosis on fluid restrictions experience.MethodThe effectiveness of the hypnotic intervention was evaluated using a single-case protocol (ABA type) with two patients. A protocol in 3 phases of 3 weeks was used with three sessions of hypnosis. Several measurement tools have been used: the KDQoL-36 for quality of life, the Health-Specific Self-Efficacy Scales (adapted for dialysis patients) for self-efficacy, and numeric scales for therapeutic compliance and thirst.ResultsSome significant changes were observed with maintenance of the effects after hypnosis: improvement in the global quality of life for patient 1, improvement of self-efficacy (barrier) for patient 2. The visual analysis showed improvements but without significant effect as alleviation of thirst and discomfort, improvement of perceived compliance.ConclusionThese preliminary results concerning the effects of hypnosis on the experience of fluid restrictions are mixed reflecting variability between patients. However, these results are encouraging and show the need to continue this evaluation with more patients thanks to the advantages of the single-case protocol method.     

Cognitive processes mediating behavioral change.

The present experiment was designed to test the theory that psychological procedures achieve changes in behavior by altering the level and strength of self-efficacy. In this formulation, perceived self-efficacy. In this formulation, perceived self-efficacy influences level of performance by enhancing intensity and persistence of effort. Adult phobics were administered treatments based upon either performance mastery experiences, vicarious experiences., or they received no treatment. Their efficacy expectations and approach behavior toward threats differing on a similarity dimension were measured before and after treatment. In accord with our prediction, the mastery-based treatment produced higher, stronger, and more generalized expectations of personal efficacy than did the treatment relying solely upon vicarious experiences. Results of a microanalysis further confirm the hypothesized relationship between self-efficacy and behavioral change. Self-efficacy was a uniformly accurate predictor of performance on tasks of varying difficulty with different threats regardless of whether the changes in self-efficacy were produced through enactive mastery or by vicarious experience alone.