首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
采用2(注意负荷:高、低)单因素被试内实验设计,以18名在校大学生为被试,运用行为实验及事件相关电位技术,对内隐序列学习是否需要注意负荷的参与进行实验研究。结果发现:(1)在高、低注意负荷条件下都出现了内隐序列学习效应;(2)高注意负荷序列探测刺激诱发的P1、N1波幅显著大于低注意负荷序列探测刺激诱发的,表明高注意负荷条件下需要更多的注意;(3)高、低注意负荷序列内隐序列学习量差异不显著,表明内隐序列学习不受注意负荷影响。  相似文献   

2.
中小学生内隐序列学习的机制   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
内隐序列学习是内隐学习的一种重要形式。该文探讨了中小学生内隐序列学习的心理机制及次级任务影响内隐序列学习的实质。结果表明,中小学生对不同结构序列的内隐学习是由一个单一的学习机制完成的,学习的过程即是形成序列内相邻元素间联合的过程;另外,注意能量并不是内隐序列学习的重要影响因素,次级任务影响内隐序列学习并不是因为其分散了注意能量,而是破坏了对序列元素的组织。  相似文献   

3.
注意在内隐序列学习中作用的研究述评   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
探索次级任务对序列学习的作用实质在对内隐序列学习的研究中占有重要地位。关于次级的计音任务对序列学习的干扰作用的实质 ,主要有四种主要的观点 :注意能量说、组织说、短时记忆说和抑制表现说。文章简要介绍了这些观点并对其各自的实验证据进行了总结和分析 ,并对最近可能进行的研究进行了展望。  相似文献   

4.
注意负荷对内隐序列学习的影响研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
葛操  白学军  沈德立 《心理科学》2007,30(5):1029-1032,1051
运用次级任务研究范式,采用符号计数的次级任务和歧义序列中的次级条件序列,将内隐序列学习分为单任务组和双任务组,统一在单任务条件下测试。结果发现:(1)两组被试内隐学习成绩差异不显著;(2)双任务组被试在学习组块和测试组块的内隐学习差异也不显著。结果进一步支持了在次级任务占用注意资源的条件下内隐学习仍然可以正常地获得、内隐序列学习不受注意负荷影响的观点。  相似文献   

5.
利用眼动记录方法,采用内隐序列学习的观察范式,通过操纵注意负荷高和低,考察内隐序列学习是否需要注意参与。结果发现:(1)在高、低注意负荷条件下都出现了内隐序列学习效应;(2)高注意负荷条件下眼跳反应时长于低注意负荷条件下的;(3)高、低注意负荷序列内隐序列学习量差异不显著,表明内隐序列学习不受注意负荷影响。  相似文献   

6.
陈玲丽  刘文  吴家舵  任杰 《心理科学》2007,30(1):192-195
考察不同运动经历人群的内隐序列学习能力。被试为上海体育学院小球运动员和非运动员;实验结合PDP,采用序列学习任务,并测试操作智商与记忆广度。结果发现,运动员在15个组段上的平均反应时、内隐学习量、自动提取贡献率上显著大于非运动员;不同水平运动员在内隐学习量上差异显著。研究结论:运动员的内隐序列学习能力显著好于非运动员,与运动水平有关,与智商无显著相关;这种内隐序列学习能力可能是某种运动能力的表现形式。  相似文献   

7.
内隐序列学习与一般认知的关系一直处于争议之中。近年来,越来越多的研究显示内隐序列学习与工作记忆(尤其是中央执行功能)存在显著关联。基于此,本研究通过两个实验来探测两者的相关及机制。实验1从行为与脑电两个角度探讨经典位置序列学习与中央执行功能的相关,发现经典位置序列学习的内隐习得量与中央执行功能的抑制、刷新功能的强度呈负相关,与转换功能没有显著相关,脑电结果也支持了这一结论。实验2在内隐序列学习中加入认知冲突来增加中央执行功能的负荷。结果发现在高抑制功能负荷任务条件下,内隐习得量与抑制功能强度的相关性发生了反转,进一步证明内隐序列学习与中央执行功能的抑制子成分在脑功能上的关系:不同条件下呈现竞争、协作等不同状态。  相似文献   

8.
序列学习中的内隐学习效应   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
付秋芳  刘永芳 《心理科学》2004,27(5):1107-1111
该研究采用较为复杂的包含图形出现的位置规则和顺序规则的实验材料,通过对比被试直接测验和间接测验、内隐学习和外显学习成绩的异同,考察了序列学习中的内隐学习效应,并探讨了规则特点对内隐学习效应的影响。结果表明,在图形位置的序列学习中存在内隐学习效应,内隐学习效应的大小受规则特点的影响。  相似文献   

9.
序列长度和统计结构对序列位置内隐学习的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
张卫 《心理科学》2002,25(4):486-487,485
除人工语法之外,序列反应时任务也是内隐学习研究最常用的程式之一。在使用序列反应时任务进行内隐学习研究时,有研究者发现,类似于外显学习,序列位置内隐学习中序列规则的长度越长,学习成绩越差;而Stlader则在研究中发现,序列位置内隐学习中所学序列的统计结构会极大地影响被试内隐学习成绩,统计结构越高学习效果越好。  相似文献   

10.
内隐序列学习的研究进展   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
内隐序列学习是内隐学习的一种重要形式。该文回顾和总结了内隐序列学习研究的诸多方面,包括内隐序列学习的一般影响因素、内隐序列学习与意识的关系、内隐序列学习的心理机制、序列知识的心理表征、序列学习的神经基础,以及内隐序列学习与年龄的关系等,并对最近可能进行的研究进行了展望。  相似文献   

11.
首先对143名11岁儿童进行认知风格测验,从中选取反省型和冲动型认知风格儿童各30名,采用序列学习研究范式,对其内隐学习进行了实验研究,结果表明:(1)虽然冲动型儿童序列学习的反应时显著低于反省型儿童,但采用“比例测量法”的方差分析两组被试无显著差异。(2)采用“对立法”对包含和排除的生成成绩进行方差分析,无论反省型儿童还是冲动型儿童,其包含和排除成绩均没有显著差异,而且成绩均在几率水平以下。说明两种认知风格儿童的序列学习没有差异,且都具有内隐性。  相似文献   

12.
刘志雅  郑琛 《心理学报》2015,47(12):1445-1453
该研究探索了规则的信息量与明显度对规则可获得性的影响。采用改编后的2-4-6任务, 70名大学生参加了两个实验。实验1发现, 规则可获得性除了受到信息量的影响外, 还受到明显度的显著影响; 实验2增加了规则的探测, 发现信息量大、明显度高的规则更容易用语言陈述出来, 而信息量小、明显度低的规则更不容易陈述出来。实验结果启示:信息量大、明显度高的规则可能是一种外显规则, 而信息量小、明显度低的规则可能是一种内隐规则。初步提出了“计算和感知的双加工”模型。  相似文献   

13.
This paper proposes a way to apply process-dissociation to sequence learning in addition and extension to the approach used by Destrebecqz and Cleeremans (2001). Participants were trained on two sequences separated from each other by a short break. Following training, participants self-reported their knowledge of the sequences. A recognition test was then performed which required discrimination of two trained sequences, either under the instructions to call any sequence encountered in the experiment "old" (the inclusion condition), or only sequence fragments from one half of the experiment "old" (the exclusion condition). The recognition test elicited automatic and controlled process estimates using the process dissociation procedure, and suggested both processes were involved. Examining the underlying processes supporting performance may provide more information on the fundamental aspects of the implicit and explicit constructs than has been attainable through awareness testing.  相似文献   

14.
Over the last 20 years researchers have used the serial reaction time (SRT) task to investigate the nature of spatial sequence learning. They have used the task to identify the locus of spatial sequence learning, identify situations that enhance and those that impair learning, and identify the important cognitive processes that facilitate this type of learning. Although controversies remain, the SRT task has been integral in enhancing our understanding of implicit sequence learning. It is important, however, to ask what, if anything, the discoveries made using the SRT task tell us about implicit learning more generally. This review analyzes the state of the current spatial SRT sequence learning literature highlighting the stimulus-response rule hypothesis of sequence learning which we believe provides a unifying account of discrepant SRT data. It also challenges researchers to use the vast body of knowledge acquired with the SRT task to understand other implicit learning literatures too often ignored in the context of this particular task. This broad perspective will make it possible to identify congruences among data acquired using various different tasks that will allow us to generalize about the nature of implicit learning.  相似文献   

15.
    
Some of the stimulus features that guide visual attention are abstract properties of objects such as potential threat to one's survival, whereas others are complex configurations such as visual contexts that are learned through past experiences. The present study investigated the two functions that guide visual attention, threat detection and learning of contextual regularities, in visual search. Search arrays contained images of threat and non-threat objects, and their locations were fixed on some trials but random on other trials. Although they were irrelevant to the visual search task, threat objects facilitated attention capture and impaired attention disengagement. Search time improved for fixed configurations more than for random configurations, reflecting learning of visual contexts. Nevertheless, threat detection had little influence on learning of the contextual regularities. The results suggest that factors guiding visual attention are different from factors that influence learning to guide visual attention.  相似文献   

16.
    
This study is a direct replication of gaze-liking effect using the same design, stimuli and procedure. The gaze-liking effect describes the tendency for people to rate objects as more likeable when they have recently seen a person repeatedly gaze toward rather than away from the object. However, as subsequent studies show considerable variability in the size of this effect, we sampled a larger number of participants (N?=?98) than the original study (N?=?24) to gain a more precise estimate of the gaze-liking effect size. Our results indicate a much smaller standardised effect size (dz?=?0.02) than that of the original study (dz?=?0.94). Our smaller effect size was not due to general insensitivity to eye-gaze effects because the same sample showed a clear (dz?=?1.09) gaze-cuing effect – faster reaction times when eyes looked toward vs away from target objects. We discuss the implications of our findings for future studies wishing to study the gaze-liking effect.  相似文献   

17.
    
Implicit sequence learning is thought to be preserved in aging when the to-be learned associations are first-order; however, when associations are second-order, older adults (OAs) tend to experience deficits as compared to young adults (YAs). Two experiments were conducted using a first (Experiment 1) and second-order (Experiment 2) serial-reaction time task. Stimuli were presented at a constant rate of either 800 milliseconds (fast) or 1200 milliseconds (slow). Results indicate that both age groups learned first-order dependencies equally in both conditions. OAs and YAs also learned second-order dependencies, but the learning of lag-2 information was significantly impacted by the rate of presentation for both groups. OAs showed significant lag-2 learning in slow condition while YAs showed significant lag-2 learning in the fast condition. The sensitivity of implicit sequence learning to the rate of presentation supports the idea that OAs and YAs different processing speeds impact the ability to build complex associations across time and intervening events.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号