Critique,rhétoricité, communicabilité

La critique et la théorie littéraires contemporaines présentent un paradoxe: elles notent, par la référence à la rhétorique, la rupture de la propriété argumentative ou persuasive de l'oeuvre; elles préservent cependant l'hypothèse d'une propriété conversationnelle du littéraire — hypothèse qui n'est pas véritablement explicitée. Ce paradoxe, essentiellement lisible dans la déconstruction, l'est aussi dans les propositions de Sartre, dans la pensée du dehors de Foucault, dans le dialogisme de Bakhtine. Le paradoxe revient, de fait — telle est la thèse de cet article — à énoncer une propriété rhétorique et persuasive de l'oeuvre, au moyen d'une référence à la rhétorique d'abord confondue avec la tropologie et avec l'effacement du jeu persuasif. Cette ultime propriété rhétorique et persuasive est identifiable par l'alliance de lasuspension, qui caractérise le texte littéraire dès lors qu'il est placé sous le signe de la rupture de l'argument et de la persuasion, et du jeu anaphorique, lui-même indissociable du questionnement que suscite la suspension. A partir du constat de ce questionnement, il convient de dire que le texte littéraire est ce qui fait fond à la disparité du doxique, et que celui-ci apparaît comme le répondant provisiore et variable de lacasuistique que constitue le texte littéraire.     

La philosophie géométrique de Henri Poincaré

Sans résuméLe texte de cette conférence est, en majeure partie, emprunté au premier chapitre de mon livreLa Philosophie des Mathématiques de Henri Poincaré, qui a été publié par les Editions Gauthier-Villars (Paris-Louvain 1966).     

Le travail coopératif d’équipes de projet d’ingénierie à l’épreuve de l’activité en réunion médiatisée et multi-localisée

Performing in worldwide competition compels companies to be innovative and this unyielding global pressure sparks engineering team projects on a far-reaching scale. The synergy of heterogeneous and dispersed skills supposes to overcome the geographical distance between teammates using sophisticated socio-technical devices. Based upon four grounds of empirical research, this article will examine the function of this media coverage technology with a comprehensive sight of phenomena underlying remote interactions between teammates. Face to the reality of their cooperative activity, experiencing multi-localized virtual meetings with synchronous co-presence, are considered the experience, the resources and the constraints introduced by these terms and working conditions.     

La pensée politique de Malinovski ou les ambiguités du prédécembrisme

Sans résuméConférence donnée à la Societé Belge de Philosophie, à Bruxelles, rue d'Egmont, le 13 mars 1971.     

Étude de certaines propriétés psychométriques de l’Older Adult Self-Report (OASR) en population générale québécoise

The aim of the present study was to evaluate some psychometric properties of the French-Canadian version of the Older Adult Self-Report (Achenbach et al., 2004), a self-reported measure of emotional, behavioral and interpersonal difficulties intended for people aged 60 years and older. This study examines some psychometric properties of the OASR, in terms of reliability (internal consistency) of the seven syndrome scales, and construct validity (structural, convergent and criterion validity). The instrument was completed by 321 older adults aged 60 years and older (M = 68.36; SD = 5.82) who were participating at the Université du troisième âge activities, which were taking place in two cities of the province of Quebec, Canada. Polychoric alpha coefficients varied between 0,72 and 0,93 and indicated a good internal consistency for the syndrome scales. Convergent validity was measured by multiple linear regression using life satisfaction as a dependent variable. A confirmatory factor analysis supported the seven-factor structure proposed in the original version of the instrument (CFI = .916, TLI = .914, RMSEA = .022 [.019, .025]). Results showed a good convergent validity, with 37.5% of variance explained by the problem scales. Overall, the results indicated that psychometric properties of the OASR meet expected standards for professional use of the French-Canadian version of the instrument.     

Stéréotypes et préjugés à l’égard de personnes atteintes de cancer : étude auprès d’une population générale et de professionnels de santé

In a national context of the fight against cancer, it is crucial to better understand the attitudes of the public and health professionals about the disease. This study aims to examine the contents of stereotypes and prejudices of the general population and health professionals with regards to cancer patients. The execution of the study was conducted by questionnaire survey of 142 health professionals and 190 people from the general population. The results confirm the existence of a stereotype associated with cancer both in the general population and health professionals. However, there are differences on measures of attitudes about people with cancer showing a greater distancing of health professionals. The implications for health professionals and prevention programs and information about cancer are discussed.     

Situations de vulnérabilités familiales et pandémie COVID-19

ContextAware of the difficulties caused by the COVID-19 pandemic for many families with children aged 6 or under, this study focuses on three contexts of potential vulnerability: single parenthood, children with developmental disorders, poverty.MethodA questionnaire, consisting of 69 questions, was transmitted nationally during the first lockdown (from 17 March to 10 May 2020). Among the study sample (n = 490), 36 households were single-parent, and 93 families had a child with developmental impairments. From November 2020 to June 2021, a additional qualitative approach was used to reach the most vulnerable groups (n = 23).ResultsThe methodology adopted made it possible to identify modes of experience that converge across families in the three contexts (more strengthened intrafamily relationships and investment in protection measures, for example), and others that appear more specific: pressure felt and need for information for single-parent households and those with children with developmental disorders, the burden of home schooling for single-parent households and the poorest, social isolation for single-parent households and difficulties in maintaining the previous food budget for the most precarious.ConclusionThe various pressures felt, the housing (with or without outdoor spaces) and working conditions, the fear of being sick, the negative feelings, etc. must encourage public authorities to implement psychological support mechanisms, particularly for the most vulnerable parents, in order to avoid subsequent physical and/or psychological health problems or even post-traumatic symptoms for parents and their children.     

L’indépendance du médecin à nouveau proclamée

In the must-known “Vincent Lambert case”, many jurisdictions have had to adjudicate on what was submitted to them. The latest decision from Châlons-en-Champagne's administrative court almost went unnoticed. However, the judgment turns out to be truly significant. It reminds that the principles of medical doctor's independence and freedom of action are simply fundamentals and unavoidable. The patient management practitioner shall not be regarded as a mere executor of an earlier decision taken by a medical colleague.