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基于人际环形模型,检验人际问题量表简版(IIP-SC)在大学生群体的环形结构及分析人际问题在地域和性别上的差异。采用IIP-SC、人际关系综合诊断量表、SCL-90测量1565名大学生。结果支持IIP-SC的环形结构,等长不等距模型拟合更优。大学生人际问题类型处于顺从型和易利用型间。在IIP-SC总分和掌控维度上存在性别和地域差异。总结而言,IIPSC与理想模型有一定偏差,但符合环形结构。国内大学生整体的人际问题呈现低掌控-高联结的特点,存在性别及地域差异。 相似文献
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人际环是以水平轴亲和维度和垂直轴控制维度为核心,按照规定序列排列在一个环形的空间。研究目的:研究融合人际互动与人格特质两个心理学研究领域,探讨中国文化下人际互动中人际环状结构。研究方法:本研究以人际环为理论基础,设计三种不同关系类型:夫妻关系、同性好友关系和恋人关系,采用多元变量分析和随机化测验方法检验本土文化下人际互动中个体的人际特质结构。研究结果:显示互动中个体人际特质以两个基本维度(亲和维和控制维)为核心,这两个维度体现出人际关系互动中的两个重要信息:地位和爱。人际特质包含六个因子,分别是人际冷漠性、人际亲和性、人际开放性、人际退缩性、社会支配性和社会服从性。此六因子以水平轴亲和维度和垂直轴控制维度为核心,形成一个不规则的六边环形,并以规定序列排列成环形空间。 相似文献
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表情认知是非言语认知技能中最主要的成分。个体的表情认知与诸多人格特征有密切的关系,本文综述了表情认知与人格特质、表情认知中的人格线索、表情认知偏差中人格特质的作用等方面的研究,并在此基础上做了概要性评价。 相似文献
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人格与智力:一种交互作用的模型 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
该文在考察人格与智力的概念本质及其相互关系的基础上,指出了人格与智力之间可能包含的四层关系,Chamorro和Furnham(2004)提出的人格—智力关系的交互作用模型正是通过详细分析这些关系构建起来的理论模型。该模型以人格特质为中心,将主观评估智力(SAI)作为人格与IQ测试成绩之间的中介变量,深入阐述了大五人格特质与流体智力、晶体智力、主观评估智力、IQ测试成绩及其与认知操作之间的交互作用,为理解人格与智力的关系提供了一种新思路 相似文献
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作为人格心理学的元理论,人格的建构主义目的是要整合人格心理学、社会心理学及临床心理学,整合人格中个体与群体的观点。行动者、观察者及自我观察者是人格建构的三成份,其中自我与自我意识对建构过程起关键作用。人格结构和维度取决于人格评估问题的解决,人际间的角色转换是人格建构的动力。无论就理论假设还是其方法论而言,人格的建构主义都有待进一步完善。 相似文献
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当代西方道德人格研究的两类取向 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
道德人格研究是西方道德心理学的新主题,主要有两类取向:特质取向和社会认知取向。特质取向把道德人格理解为与道德有关的人格特质,对道德榜样的自然概念和真实道德榜样的人格特征进行了大量研究。社会认知取向以社会认知图式、知识结构和认知-情感机制来解释道德人格,揭示了个体内部动态的心理过程。未来的道德人格研究要强调两类取向的结合,加强发展过程和影响因素研究,并注重多水平与多学科的整合。 相似文献
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冷酷无情特质(callous unemotional trait, CU)是指对他人冷漠、缺乏罪责感、低共情的一种人格倾向, 伴随有高频率和高破坏性的反社会行为甚至暴力犯罪。CU特质者在情感上表现为对负性情绪加工不敏感, 缺乏共情; 在认知上表现出追求奖赏、忽视惩罚; 在生物学方面, CU特质者生理唤醒水平低、皮质醇水平低、杏仁核和腹内侧前额叶活动异常。未来研究的方向是修订发展本土化CU特质量表、探析CU特质者的性别差异、梳理CU与品行障碍等其他精神障碍的关系、为暴力犯循证矫正的方案设计提供科学依据。 相似文献
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自立人格与心身症状:特质-应激-症状相符中介模型的检验 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
自立人格是新近提出的一种新的心身症状的保护性人格因素。为了探索自立人格抵御心身症状的机制, 提出了特质-应激-症状相符中介模型。该模型涉及应激中介模型假设、特质-应激相符假设、特质-症状相符假设三个理论假设。使用青少年学生自立人格量表、青少年生活事件量表和症状自评量表3种问卷对674名有效被试进行了调查, 以检验该模型。结果发现:①应激调节模型不被支持, 自立人格特质是通过应激的中介作用来负向预测心身症状; ②人际自立对心身症状的负向预测能力明显大于个人自立, 人际自立对人际性和个人性症状均有独立的预测能力, 个人自立则对人际性症状没有独立的预测能力; ③个人自立对应激的预测能力大于人际自立, 个人自立对人际和个人应激均有独立的预测能力, 人际自立则对个人应激没有独立的预测能力; ④修正后的自立人格的特质-应激-症状相符中介模型能够获得支持。总之, 本研究的结果显示:人际自立主要通过人际应激的中介作用负向预测心身症状总分; 个人自立则通过应激(包括人际与个人应激)的中介作用负向预测个人性症状。 相似文献
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该文介绍了基于中国传统文化建立起来的本土化人格类型理论———周易人格模型;分析了该模型与麦氏人格模型在理论建构的指导思想、人格要素、人格类型的测定方法以及人格模型的演变规则等方面的区别和联系;指出了两者在方法上同源同根,在内容上各有特色。 相似文献
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The current paper presents a proposal for integrating different narcissism constructs (grandiose, vulnerable, communal, and collective) within the Circumplex of Personality Metatraits (CPM), an integrative model of personality structure that could also be used to accommodate the narcissism spectrum model. The study was conducted on a community sample (N = 781 adults). The theoretically predicted locations of the different narcissism constructs within the CPM space were empirically verified using the structural summary method. We found that grandiose, vulnerable, and communal narcissism can be meaningfully located within the CPM, while the status of collective narcissism remains unclear. Thus, the CPM can serve as a personality matrix explaining the differences and similarities between the various faces of narcissism. © 2019 European Association of Personality Psychology 相似文献
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This study provides an analysis of offender‐victim interactions in 223 cases of sexual violence committed in gangs. Cases were derived from archival sources such as law reports. A multivariate analysis revealed four interpersonal themes (dominance, submission, co‐operation, and hostility) previously identified in studies of lone sexual assault [Alison and Stein, Vicious Circles: Accounts of stranger sexual assault reflect abusive variants of conventional interactions. J Forensic Psychiatry 12:515–538, 2001]. These themes have also been identified in many other forms of human relating [Wiggins, An informal history of the interpersonal circumplex tradition. J Pers Assess 66:217–233, 1996] and conform to a structure known as the interpersonal circumplex. The circumplex has previously been used to conceptualise the relationships between individuals in terms of dynamic interactions that are mutually influencing. Thus, dominance elicits submission and submission elicits dominance. Each interpersonal style could be further subdivided according to the use of either verbally or physically abusive strategies. Point‐Biserial correlations with other aspects of the offence (e.g., mobility of the group, post‐offence treatment of the victim) provided additional support for these conceptually different themes and demonstrated that gang rape represents a distorted and violent form of interpersonal relating. Further, this dynamic interaction emerges not just at an individual level, but at a group level, suggesting that the thematic concepts underpinning the interpersonal circumplex can be extended to group activity and sexually aggressive behaviour. Aggr. Behav. 30:449–468, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
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This paper presents a hierarchical Bayes circumplex model for ordinal ratings data. The circumplex model was proposed to represent
the circular ordering of items in psychological testing by imposing inequalities on the correlations of the items. We provide
a specification of the circumplex, propose identifying constraints and conjugate priors for the angular parameters, and accommodate
theory-driven constraints in the form of inequalities. We investigate the performance of the proposed MCMC algorithm and apply
the model to the analysis of value priorities data obtained from a representative sample of Dutch citizens.
We wish to thank Michael Browne and two anonymous reviewers for their comments. The data for this study were collected as
part of the project AIR2-CT94-1066, sponsored by the European Commission. 相似文献
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In this paper, we investigate personality expression and impression formation processes in online social networks (OSNs). We explore whether, when and why people accurately judge others' personalities (accuracy), successfully manage the impressions that others form of them (impression management) and accurately infer others' impressions of them (meta‐accuracy) at zero acquaintance. On the basis of targets' OSN profiles (N = 103), overall perceiver impressions were collected and compared with targets' self‐view, desired impression and meta‐perception. In addition, independent groups of thin‐slice perceivers based their personality impressions solely on one of four kinds of information within the OSN profiles (profile picture, interests field, group list and notice board), and more than 300 OSN cues (e.g. attractive person and number of friends) were coded. Results showed evidence of accuracy, impression management and meta‐accuracy, but their extent was moderated by the trait (e.g. Big Five and self‐esteem), the kind of information and the interplay of trait and information. Findings could be explained by cue expression and cue utilization processes (lens model analyses). Future prospects for studying personality impressions in online and offline environments are discussed. Copyright © 2013 European Association of Personality Psychology. 相似文献
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人格结构的标准心理词汇研究在七种不同语言中得到了相似的六个因素,即外向性、愉悦性、公正严谨性、情绪性、坦诚—谦恭、智力/想象力/创新性。文章对六因素结构模型的来源和内容进行了述评。 相似文献
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The behaviour of offenders and victims in 116 cases of group robbery (61 commercial, 55 personal) was examined. Four interpersonal themes were evident: dominance, submission, co‐operation and hostility. These themes are governed by the principles of complementarity such that offender dominance elicits victim submission (reciprocity) and vice versa, while co‐operative offenders tend to elicit victim co‐operation (correspondence). Hostile offences were hypothesised as eliciting hostility in victims, but few victims in the sample demonstrated active resistance. The existence of behavioural themes suggests that offenders within the same group behave in a homogenous fashion, which is explained by reference to group norms and processes of modelling. Further, differences in interpersonal themes were evident between commercial and personal robberies. Commercial robberies tend to involve greater levels of co‐operation than personal robberies, while personal robberies involve more hostility than commercial robberies. This is discussed in terms of situational and motivational elements of the robberies. Aggr. Behav. 32:330–342, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
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当前大多数人格测量都采用的是累积式反应模型方法,该模型假设被试在测验上的得分随其能力或特质提高而增加,但是随着人格测量技术的不断发展,这一模型的实施效果遭到了质疑,研究者们开始关注展开式模型,该模型认为被试的反应取决于被试能力和项目阈值的匹配程度,当被试能力与项目阈值完全匹配时,被试做出肯定回答的概率达到最高点,称之为“理想点”,展开式模型的目的就是找到被试的理想点,从而寻找其真正的态度强度或人格特质水平。GGUM作为一种比较成熟的展开式模型,已经开始应用于人格测量的各个领域,但仍需要进行大规模的试测,在评估和预测效度方面积累经验,建立业界认可的心理测量学标准,不断探讨和开发相应的心理测量理论和简便易行的统计程序。 相似文献
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