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社会阶层是影响再分配偏向的重要因素。研究发现, 与低阶层者相比, 高阶层者再分配偏向更低。基于以往研究, 提出高社会阶层者低再分配偏向的作用机制及干预模型。依据该模型, 动机方面的经济自利与系统合理信念, 认知方面的经济不平等感知、贫富差距归因与刻板印象, 情感方面的同情心与地位焦虑是影响高阶层者再分配偏向的中介因素; 培育谦卑心态、进行反刻板印象干预、利用不平等框架效应、提高同情心、改变阶层文化价值观有助于提升高阶层者的再分配偏向。未来研究可对高阶层者的慈善行为及部分低阶层者拒绝再分配的现象加以关注, 深入考察和完善该模型的作用机制, 探索提升高阶层者再分配偏向的策略。 相似文献
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概率是反映风险与不确定性的重要指标, 概率估计具有趋势效应, 会对决策产生影响。文章描述了概率估计趋势效应的两种表现形式, 概率估计变化的趋势性(即不同时间点概率估计变化产生的趋势作用)与单边概率估计的趋势性(即高于或低于某个概率区间范畴的上界或下界的估计表述所产生的趋势作用), 揭示了概率估计趋势效应对于个体判断、决策行为和非理性决策偏差的影响; 基于心理动量的理论视角提出了一个整合模型, 阐述了概率估计趋势效应催生心理动量体验继而引发后续决策行为的内在机理。未来的研究可进一步关注:多方信息来源主体下概率估计的趋势效应; 动态趋势效应与静态概率估计的交互作用; 风险沟通中的概率估计变化趋势。 相似文献
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基于自我验证理论, 文章探讨了客户支持能否通过组织自尊的中介作用促进员工服务绩效(角色内服务绩效和主动服务客户行为), 以及员工促进定向和内控的调节作用。针对3时间点的调查得到652名员工和139名主管的配对数据进行分析, 结果显示:(1)客户支持会显著正向影响员工组织自尊, 进而显著影响他们的角色内服务绩效和主动服务客户行为; (2)员工促进定向正向调节客户支持对员工组织自尊的影响; (3)员工内控负向调节客户支持对员工组织自尊的影响。研究结果拓展了员工服务绩效的机制研究, 为组织提升员工服务绩效提供了新的思路。 相似文献
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为考察大学生民族文化认同与职业成熟度的关系及其内在心理机制,本研究采用多民族青少年文化认同问卷、大学生生涯自我效能感量表和大学生职业成熟度量表对4292名在校大学生进行测查,结果发现:(1)大学生的主流文化认同、民族文化认同、生涯自我效能感和职业成熟度之间具有明显的正相关;(2)主流文化认同--生涯自我效能感在民族文化认同与职业成熟度之间起链式中介作用;(3)生涯自我效能感中介民族文化认同与职业成熟度的关系在男生样本中不显著而在女生样本中显著;主流文化认同、生涯自我效能感分别单独中介民族文化认同与职业成熟度的关系在汉族大学生样本中为部分中介,而在少数民族大学生样本中为完全中介。 相似文献
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Alexander J. Rice Alexander J. Colbow Shane Gibbons Charles Cederberg Ethan Sahker William M. Liu 《Counselling psychology quarterly》2017,30(4):415-440
The social class worldviews (social class beliefs, attitudes, and values) of 14 first-generation college students were investigated with qualitative interviews. Consensual qualitative research analysis revealed first-generation students’ perspectives on the development of their social class worldviews, the effect of these worldviews on their transitions to college, and vice versa. The students’ pre-college beliefs and values promoted hard work and college attendance as a means of financial success. The transition to college created disequilibrium in the social class worldviews of the students interviewed, who in turn responded by attempting to adapt to the new culture, emphasizing their social class background, or downplaying the role of social class in their lives altogether. College professionals working with first-generation students are encouraged to facilitate dialogues with first-generation students about their social class worldview and its impact on students’ engagement with the college community. 相似文献
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The Role of Social Support,Being Present,and Self‐kindness in University Student Psychological Distress
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下载免费PDF全文 Objective
Self‐kindness, which is thought to be part of self‐compassion, has the potential to contribute to mental health, as well as serve as a focus for interventions. However, little attention has been given to the potential role of self‐kindness specifically, especially in the context of mindful presence and available social support, in buffering distress.Method
Structural equation modelling was used to test a theoretically based model of how these factors relate to each other and psychological distress. Participants were 592 Australian university students.Results
Results confirmed our hypotheses, showing that: (a) receiving social support is important to the capacity for self‐kindness both directly and indirectly through the ability to “be present,” and (b) the relationship between social support and psychological distress is partially mediated by the practices of self‐kindness and being present. The model of social support, being present, and self‐kindness accounted for half the variance in psychological distress. With the addition of stressors, a regression model explained a total of 62% of the variance.Conclusions
These findings have implications for understanding the construct of self‐kindness and its role in the development of interventions to improve student success. 相似文献8.
考察听障大学生社会支持、心理韧性及适应之间的作用机制,并探讨心理韧性在社会支持对适应的影响中是否起到中介作用。采用青少年社会支持量表、青少年心理韧性量表和聋人大学生适应量表,对天津市214名听障大学生进行了调查。结果表明:(1)社会支持对听障大学生适应具有正向预测作用;(2)社会支持对听障大学生心理韧性具有正向预测作用;(3)心理韧性对听障大学生适应具有正向预测作用,心理韧性在社会支持对听障大学生适应的影响中起中介作用。因此,社会支持既可以直接影响听障大学生的适应,也可以通过心理韧性的中介作用间接影响适应。 相似文献
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理工科大学生心理压力的调查研究 总被引:32,自引:1,他引:32
本研究探讨理工科大学生心理压力的大小.研究包括两个实验.实验1探讨理工科大学生心理压力源、压力影响因素的构成.实验2进一步探讨了理工科大学生心理压力源、压力影响因素的权重大小,得到了不同样本理工科大学生心理压力的大小. 相似文献
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Chinese college students have a high incidence of psychological problems but rarely seek professional psychological help. Despite this fact, there have been few studies of the help-seeking behavior of Chinese college students with mental health problems. This research aims to use a modified model based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to explore the intentions and behaviors of Chinese college students with psychological problems in seeking professional psychological help. A total of 319 Chinese college students were recruited to measure attitude, stigma, coping efficiency, help-seeking intention, help-seeking behavior, and demographic variables. The results showed that attitudes were the most powerful predictor of intentions to seek help, followed by coping effectiveness and stigma. In addition, a multigroup analysis showed that the model was valid across genders. Our research results show that the TPB-based model can effectively explain the intentions and behaviors of college students with psychological problems in seeking professional help. Using our results, families, schools, and society could design intervention measures to enhance students' help-seeking intentions and behaviors. 相似文献
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Jeremy S. Joseph Matt J. Gray Jody Mayer 《Journal of aggression, maltreatment & trauma》2013,22(5):493-509
Sexual assault perpetrated by men against women is a distressingly common occurrence, particularly on college campuses. One of the barriers to assault prevention efforts is the general perception of violence against women as an unwanted yet implicitly tolerated aspect of the status quo. Drawing on system justification theory, a concept used to explain why individuals accept aspects of their social systems that are objectively unjust, the mechanisms that perpetuate sexual assault are examined. Furthermore, this theory is used to examine current prevention efforts on college campuses and suggestions for modifications to these programs will be made. 相似文献
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Differentiation of self – a core construct of Bowen's (Bowen, M. (1978). Family therapy in clinical practice. New York: Jason Aronson) family systems theory – was examined as a possible predictor of psychological health and physical health and as a mediator and moderator of the relation between overall functioning and psychological health and physical health. A total of 818 American college students participated (mean age?=?23.72, SD?=?4.79) in this study. Differentiation of self was correlated and was predictive of psychological health, as measured by the Beck depression inventory, and physical health, as measured by body mass index (BMI). A multivariate multiple regression model revealed that differentiation of self partially mediated the effects of overall functioning on depressive symptomatology and on BMI. Results from a hierarchical regression model showed that differentiation of self moderated the relation between overall functioning and depressive symptomatology but did not moderate the relation between overall functioning and BMI. Taken together, these preliminary findings provide initial evidence of the importance of the associations between family systemic factors (differentiation of self) and psychological and physical health factors among American college populations. 相似文献
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Shih‐Hua Chang 《International journal of psychology》2018,53(2):107-116
The purpose of this study was to test a model of codependency based on Bowen's concept of differentiation for college students in Taiwan. The relations between family‐of‐origin dysfunction, differentiation of self, codependency traits and related symptoms including low self‐esteem, relationship distress and psychological adjustment problems were examined. Data were collected from 567 college students from 2 large, urban universities in northern Taiwan. Results indicated a significantly negative relationship between levels of codependency and self‐differentiation and that self‐differentiation partially mediated the relationship between family‐of‐origin dysfunction and codependency. The implications of these findings for counselling Taiwanese college students who experience codependency traits and related symptoms as well as suggestions for future research are discussed. 相似文献
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采用问卷法对813名大学生进行调查,探讨社会阶层、公正世界信念、网络社会支持与大学生网络利他行为之间的关系及内在作用机制。结果发现:(1)客观社会阶层不能显著预测网络利他行为,主观社会阶层能正向预测网络利他行为;(2)公正世界信念在主观社会阶层与网络利他行为的关系中起部分中介作用;(3)网络社会支持调节了公正世界信念的中介作用。对于高网络社会支持个体,公正世界信念起部分中介作用;而对于低网络社会支持个体,公正世界信念的中介效应不显著,主观社会阶层对网络利他行为只有直接效应。 相似文献
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采用问卷法对813名大学生进行调查,探讨社会阶层、公正世界信念、网络社会支持与大学生网络利他行为之间的关系及内在作用机制。结果发现:(1)客观社会阶层不能显著预测网络利他行为,主观社会阶层能正向预测网络利他行为;(2)公正世界信念在主观社会阶层与网络利他行为的关系中起部分中介作用;(3)网络社会支持调节了公正世界信念的中介作用。对于高网络社会支持个体,公正世界信念起部分中介作用;而对于低网络社会支持个体,公正世界信念的中介效应不显著,主观社会阶层对网络利他行为只有直接效应。 相似文献
