反贫困背景下我国医疗救助对象分类研究

从反贫困这一社会问题入手,突出医疗救助对象分类需要进一步完善的重要性,通过分类救助理论研究现状的探讨,对我国探索分类救助制度的现状进行了阐述,并分析了制约分类救助发展的因素,在此基础上,阐述了国际上实施医疗救助对象分类的成功经验和启示,并提出了我国在反贫困背景下医疗救助对象分类的对策建议。     

新疆农村医疗救助制度实施效果评价

为评价新疆农村医疗救助制度实施效果,利用2008年和2012年两次横断面调查资料,分析医疗救助对象和非医疗救助对象的卫生服务需要、利用及费用变化.救助对象的两周患病率由2008年的181.34‰下降到2012年的87.81‰,2008年两周患病率救助对象高于非救助对象.救助对象两周就诊率由2008年的110.92‰下降至2012年的46.93‰,2012年两周就诊率救助对象高于非救助对象.年住院率救助对象均高于非救助对象.新疆农村医疗救助制度提高了贫困人口对卫生服务的利用,应将医疗救助制度与新农合紧密结合,持续资助贫困家庭参合.     

社会分层与城乡医疗救助制度的思考

医疗救助是医疗保障制度的一个重要内容,然而,社会弱势群体的疾病医疗困境,学者和政府均重视不够.通过回顾梳理医改背景下的城乡医疗救助制度的建立和发展历史,分析现行医疗救助制度存在的主要问题,进而提出进一步完善城乡医疗救助制度的思路与对策.     

农村医疗救助的目标探讨

为探讨新形势下农村医疗救助制度目标机制的设计,提高制度靶向的准确性及效果,利用定性分析方法,结合医疗救助制度的功能分析,对现阶段该制度的目标对象及纳入依据进行了分析.研究认为,农民的医疗需求具有必需品性质,救助的水平以新农合为基本依托,同时,农村城镇化发展带来新的弱势人群的医疗保障问题提示,需因时、因地、因阶段设计医疗救助制度目标人群的纳入机制,提出按城乡划分、按阶层划分、按收入划分作为目标机制设计的依托是解决当前农村救助制度不公平问题的有效方式.     

关于在医疗机构中建立医疗救助制度的思考

医疗救助制度是医疗保障制度的一个重要组成部分,而医疗机构中的医疗救助制度则是社会医疗救助制度的一种补充形式.在分析我国医疗救助制度发展现状的基础上,提出了在医疗机构中建立医疗救助制度的构想,并对医疗机构中的医疗救助制度的性质以及建立医疗救助制度的必要性进行分析,进而对在医疗机构中建立医疗救助制度的几个关键问题进行了探讨.     

医疗救助制度与主体医疗保障制度衔接与整合研究

对江苏省城乡医疗救助制度和主体医疗保障制度衔接与整合方式进行概述,并就进一步优化城乡医疗救助制度和主体医疗保障制度衔接、整合提出几点意见：充分认识其现实意义、改进和保持两类医保方案间衔接、多途径实现实时救助以及营造有利城乡医疗救助管理运行体制创新的外部环境。     

第三方支付:医疗救助费用支付的福利经济学分析

医疗救助是为缓解贫困群体的医疗困境而制定的一项医疗保障制度.我国医疗救助在实施过程中多采用事后报销的救助方式,救助效果不甚明显.通过分析第三方支付所产生的福利影响,提出将第三方支付的费用支付方式引入到医疗救助中,以期发挥更大的救助效果.     

乌鲁木齐市低保人群医疗救助现状调查分析

通过对乌鲁木齐市低保人群医疗救助工作的调查以及新旧两种救助模式的比较,探求其低保人群接受的医疗救助现状及存在的问题.结果显示,乌鲁木齐市的医疗救助工作已在低保人群健康水平的提高及其个人承担医疗费用压力减低方面发挥了重要作用,但仍然存在如政府投入及济因医疗机构的数量不足、医疗济困药物目录不健全、低保人群的建档率及健康促进工作开展得不充分等方面的不足.     

德国医疗体制的几点感悟

中德两国在经济发展、社会制度和文化传统等方面各不相同,在医疗体制方面也存在显著差异,但德国卫生体制和医院管理的一些思路、观念、运作方式等值得借鉴.通过分析德国医疗体制方面的特点,借鉴德国医疗体制的先进经验,结合我国的国情和医疗现状,对于我国医疗体制的完善和构建有重要的现实意义.     

关于在医疗机构中建立医疗救助制度的思考

医疗救助制度是医疗保障制度的一个重要组成部分,而医疗机构中的医疗救助制度则是社会医疗救助制度的一种补充形式。在分析我国医疗救助制度发展现状的基础上,提出了在医疗机构中建立医疗救助制度的构想,并对医疗机构中的医疗救助制度的性质以及建立医疗救助制度的必要性进行分析,进而对在医疗机构中建立医疗救助制度的几个关键问题进行了探讨。     

高校学生医疗保障制度改革的设想：目标、原则与模式

提出了高校学生医疗保障制度改革的目标是建立与我国经济发展水平相适应的新的医疗保障制度,指出改革应遵循公平、责任共担和强制性等原则,并构建了以社会基本医疗保险为基础,以医疗救助和补充医疗保险为辅助的高校学生医疗保障新模式。     

中国历史上的农村贫困医疗救助

从医学史的角度回顾我国历史上的济贫思想和实践,分析不同时代农村医疗救助的形式、内容和特点,指出农村贫困医疗救助具有悠久历史传统,现代意义上的医疗救助是社会保障体制的重要组成部分,充分利用我国乡村社会以情感和道德为主体的互助历史传统,建立与经济社会发展相适应的贫困医疗救助制度是当今政府和社会的重要任务,也是历史发展的必然要求。     

Development of a Career Stress Scale for Hospital Nurses: Implications for Workplace Counseling

The author performed 3 studies to investigate the construct validation and applicability of a Career Stress Scale for hospital nurses. After conducting an exploratory factor analysis on a sample of 141 nurses in the 1st study, the author examined divergent and convergent validity in the 2nd study, and performed a confirmatory factor analysis to test the hypothesized model on a sample of 284 teaching hospital nurses. The final study aimed to expand the findings, and the author used multigroup structural equation modeling to examine the measurement invariance of the Career Stress Scale for a district hospital, in a sample of 166 nurses. Recommendations for future studies and workplace counseling are discussed.     

Peut-on légiférer à propos de l’assistance sexuelle en France ?

The question about sexual assistance law in favor of disabled people in France reveals from double analysis. On one hand, this law is necessary: it would regulate a practice carried out clandestinely. In the other hand, this law is now in conformity with the principle of non-negotiability of human body.     

Developing a Community Science Research Agenda for Building Community Capacity for Effective Preventive Interventions

Research has shown that prevention programming can improve community health when implemented well. There are examples of successful prevention in local communities, however many continue to face significant challenges, demonstrating a gap between science and practice. Common strategies within the United States to address this gap are available (e.g., trainings), but lack outcomes. Building community capacity to implement high quality prevention can help communities achieve positive health outcomes, thereby narrowing the gap. While there is ample research on the efficacy of evidence-based programs, there is little on how to improve community capacity to improve prevention quality. In order to narrow the gap, a new model of research—one based in Community Science—is suggested that improves the latest theoretical understanding of community capacity and evaluates technologies designed to enhance it. In this article, we describe this model and suggest a research agenda that can lead to improved outcomes at the local level.     

MizarMode—an integrated proof assistance tool for the Mizar way of formalizing mathematics

The Emacs authoring environment for Mizar (MizarMode) is today the authoring tool of choice for many (probably the majority of) Mizar authors. This article describes the MizarMode and focuses on the proof assistance functions and tools available in it.

We start with the explanation of the design principles behind the Mizar system, and show how these design principles—mainly the concentration on simple and intuitive human-oriented proofs—have helped Mizar in developing and maintaining a very large body of formalized mathematics.

Mizar is a non-programmable and non-tactical verifier: the proofs are developed in the traditional “write—compile—correct” software programming loop. While this method is in the beginning more laborious than the methods employed in tactical and programmable proof assistants, it makes the “proof code” in the long-run more readable, maintainable and reusable. This seems to be a crucial factor for a long-term and large-scale formalization effort.

MizarMode has been designed with the aim to facilitate this kind of proof development by a number of “code-generating”, “code-browsing” and “code-searching” methods, and tools programmed or integrated within it. These methods and tools now include, e.g., the automated generation of proof skeletons, semantic browsing of the articles and abstracts, structured viewing, proof advice using trained machine learning tools like the Mizar Proof Advisor, deductive tools like MoMM, etc. We give an overview of these proof-assistance tools and their integration in the MizarMode, and also discuss some emerging and future extensions such as integration of external theorem proving assistance.     

Establishing and Evaluating the Key Functions of an Interactive Systems Framework Using an Assets-Getting to Outcomes Intervention

Community practitioners can face difficulty in achieving outcomes demonstrated by prevention science. Building a community practitioner's prevention capacity—the knowledge and skills needed to conduct critical prevention practices—could improve the quality of prevention and its outcomes. The purpose of this article is to: (1) describe how an intervention called Assets‐Getting To Outcomes (AGTO) was used to establish the key functions of the ISF and present early lessons learned from that intervention's first 6 months and (2) examine whether there is an empirical relationship between practitioner capacity at the individual level and the performance of prevention at the program level—a relationship predicted by the ISF but untested. The article describes an operationalization of the ISF in the context of a five‐year randomized controlled efficacy trial that combines two complementary models designed to build capacity: Getting To Outcomes (GTO) and Developmental Assets. The trial compares programs and individual practitioners from six community‐based coalitions using AGTO with programs and practitioners from six similar coalitions that are not. In this article, we primarily focus on what the ISF calls innovation specific capacity and discuss how the combined AGTO innovation structures and uses feedback about its capacity‐building activities, which can serve as a model for implementing the ISF. Focus group discussions used to gather lessons learned from the first 6 months of the AGTO intervention suggest that while the ISF may have been conceptualized as three distinct systems, in practice they are less distinct. Findings from the baseline wave of data collection of individual capacity and program performance suggest that practitioner capacity predicts, in part, performance of prevention programs. Empirically linking practitioner capacity and performance of prevention provides empirical support for both the ISF and AGTO. Special Issue: Advances in Bridging Research and Practice Using the Interactive System Framework for Dissemination and Implementation; Guest Editors: Abraham Wandersman, Paul Flaspohler, Catherine A. Lesesne, Richard Puddy; Action Editor: Emilie Phillips Smith     

Driver trust in and training for advanced driver assistance systems in Real-World driving

Two-hundred and twenty-three participants completed an online survey regarding their experiences with advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) on their personal vehicles, with focus on 1) drivers’ trust in 13 ADAS technologies, and 2) perceived effectiveness of currently used methods of training. Eighteen drivers participated in focus groups designed to probe more deeply into survey responses. Results of the survey showed that participant ratings of trust increased significantly with longer vehicle ownership, but participants who experienced unexpected ADAS technology behavior rated their trust over time significantly lower on ADAS technologies with the exception of rear collision avoidance. The majority (75.8%) of participants reported receiving some ADAS instruction at their vehicle dealership, but only 16.6% indicated it was formal. Participants who received formalized training reported it to be significantly more effective than those who received informal overviews of their systems. Use of trial and error and the owner’s manual were the most frequently reported methods of learning outside of dealership training. Responses indicated that the lack of content tailored to trim-specific vehicle features in owner’s manuals was a barrier to effective use.