软骨组织工程种子细胞的医学伦理分析

软骨组织工程作为一项新兴技术成为治疗软骨缺损的新途径,本文通过探讨软骨组织工程学研究与临床应用的医学伦理学问题.从组织工程学研究的各种不同的种子细胞来源方面阐述其各自存在的伦理学问题及其对策.从而阐明在进行软骨组织工程种子细胞研究的同时,必须充分考虑相关的伦理学问题,遵循伦理原则,使软骨组织工程不仅在技术上可行,在伦理学上也是可行的.     

软骨组织工程种子细胞的医学伦理分析

软骨组织工程作为一项新兴技术成为治疗软骨缺损的新途径,本文通过探讨软骨组织工程学研究与临床应用的医学伦理学问题。从组织工程学研究的各种不同的种子细胞来源方面阐述其各自存在的伦理学问题及其对策。从而阐明在进行软骨组织工程种子细胞研究的同时,必须充分考虑相关的伦理学问题,遵循伦理原则,使软骨组织工程不仅在技术上可行,在伦理学上也是可行的。     

软骨细胞和骨髓间充质干细胞相关基因转染的研究进展

由于关节软骨主要是由软骨细胞和周围的外基质组成的无血管组织,损伤后自我修复能力比较弱,利用基因转染技术治疗软骨损伤性疾病是基因工程研究的重点,而软骨细胞和骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）是基因转染技术中最主要和最常用的种子细胞,与之相关的基因转染的研究也是目前研究的热点。本文拟就与软骨细胞和BMSCs相关的基因转染方面（包括病毒载体、单基因转染和多基因转染）取得的成果和最新研究进展作一综述。     

利用组织工程治疗骨缺损中的几点问题

骨缺损是临床上的常见病,也是骨科治疗的难题之一.近年来,骨组织工程发展迅速,利用骨组织工程治疗骨缺损成为研究的热点.组织工程应用的主要问题在于种子细胞的培养和细胞种植基质材料的优化.在此领域的发展过程中,渗透着丰富的哲学思想,理解和把握这些哲学思想对完善利用骨组织工程治疗骨缺损的工作将大有益处.     

间充质干细胞的生物学特性及其临床应用

间充质干细胞是一组成体非造血干细胞,具有自我更新和多向分化潜能.有修复受损组织、利于造血重建和调节免疫能力.是生物工程理想的种子细胞.尽管间充质干细胞已经在多种疾病的临床治疗中显示出良好的效果,还有许多问题需要深入探讨.     

浅析表现性素描在教学中的运用

表现性素描的训练对视觉语言的认知能力和表现能力的提高非常有效.对素描表现性领域的研究和探讨将是摆在高等美术教育面前的一个新课题.审美性和技术性以及一定的创新因素是素描表现性的基本特质.命题创作在大学的美术教育中是必不可少的课题,而表现性素描的训练能很好地解决在命题创作中出现的一些问题.     

单次低剂量放疗联合BTV- HbC3对小鼠前列腺癌细胞的杀伤效应

本文主要研究蓝舌病毒湖北株(BTV- HbC3)联合单次低剂量放疗对小鼠前列腺癌细胞(RM1 cell)杀伤作用,并探讨蓝舌病毒联合放疗能增强对小鼠前列腺癌细胞的杀伤效应.实验过程中首先采用Vero细胞扩增BTV- HbC3病毒,而后用其感染RM1细胞,24h后予以单次低剂量放疗后观察其细胞病变效应.并以CCK-8法研究放疗加病毒后致细胞病变率的特征.检测实验结果发现BTV加放疗组比单因素处理组出现更加明显的细胞病变效应,细胞内出现大量病毒颗粒,细胞肿胀裂解.CCK-8法检测联合因素组细胞存活率明显降低.从而我们可以得出以下结论:BTV联合单次低剂量放疗能更加有效地杀死小鼠前列腺癌细胞,引起其编程性程序死亡.     

利用组织工程治疗骨缺损中的几点问题

骨缺损是临床上的常见病,也是骨科治疗的难题之一。近年来,骨组织工程发展迅速,利用骨组织工程治疗骨缺损成为研究的热点。组织工程应用的主要问题在于种子细胞的培养和细胞种植基质材料的优化。在此领域的发展过程中,渗透着丰富的哲学思想,理解和把握这些哲学思想对完善利用骨组织工程治疗骨缺损的工作将大有益处。     

关于牙齿再生研究的述评

牙齿再生医学是目前口腔医学中面临的最为重要的科学问题,成为口腔医学研究领域的热点.无论从牙发育生物学到牙生物信息学到牙组织工程技术,由此而得到了很大程度的发展.但是,这个领域目前面临许多问题.就有关研究的现状、困惑、面临的问题进行探讨,对于牙再生医学研究的模式,从方法论的角度提出探讨.引发相关研究领域研究人员思考,以早日实现牙齿组织再生,满足人们需要.     

胰腺癌细胞CAR受体表达与5型腺病毒转导效率的关系

本研究通过体外、体内实验探讨了不同生物特性的胰腺癌细胞系细胞表面柯萨奇腺病毒受体(CAR)表达与Ad-GFP转导效率的关系.结果发现,不同细胞的CAR表达水平不同,细胞CAR表达水平与Ad-GFP转导效率明显呈正相关.因此,胰腺癌患者治疗前检测组织CAR表达水平有助于规范腺病毒载体的基因治疗药物的个体化使用,有利于提高疗效,减少病毒的副作用.     

Towards a Richer Debate on Tissue Engineering: A Consideration on the Basis of NEST-Ethics

In their 2007 paper, Swierstra and Rip identify characteristic tropes and patterns of moral argumentation in the debate about the ethics of new and emerging science and technologies (or “NEST-ethics”). Taking their NEST-ethics structure as a starting point, we considered the debate about tissue engineering (TE), and argue what aspects we think ought to be a part of a rich and high-quality debate of TE. The debate surrounding TE seems to be predominantly a debate among experts. When considering the NEST-ethics arguments that deal directly with technology, we can generally conclude that consequentialist arguments are by far the most prominently featured in discussions of TE. In addition, many papers discuss principles, rights and duties relevant to aspects of TE, both in a positive and in a critical sense. Justice arguments are only sporadically made, some “good life” arguments are used, others less so (such as the explicit articulation of perceived limits, or the technology as a technological fix for a social problem). Missing topics in the discussion, at least from the perspective of NEST-ethics, are second “level” arguments—those referring to techno-moral change connected to tissue engineering. Currently, the discussion about tissue engineering mostly focuses on its so-called “hard impacts”—quantifiable risks and benefits of the technology. Its “soft impacts”—effects that cannot easily be quantified, such as changes to experience, habits and perceptions, should receive more attention.     

A psychological model that integrates ethics in engineering education

Ethics has become an increasingly important issue within engineering as the profession has become progressively more complex. The need to integrate ethics into an engineering curriculum is well documented, as education does not often sufficiently prepare engineers for the ethical conflicts they experience. Recent research indicates that there is great diversity in the way institutions approach the problem of teaching ethics to undergraduate engineering students; some schools require students to take general ethics courses from philosophical or religious perspectives, while others integrate ethics in existing engineering courses. The purpose of this paper is to propose a method to implement the integration of ethics in engineering education that is pedagogically based on Kohlberg’s stage theory of moral development.     

A Dao of Technology?

Scholars have detected hostility to technology in Daoist thought. But is this a problem with any machine or only some applications of some machines by some people? I show that the problem is not with machines per se but with the people who introduce them, or more exactly with their knowledge. It is not knowledge as such that causes the disorder Laozi and Zhuangzi associate with machines; it is confused, disordered knowledge—superficial, inadequate, unsubtle, and artless. In other words the problem is not with machines but with the ethics of engineering and the government of technology. The Daoist argument does not devalue machines or knowledge of them; instead, it sets a new goal, defining an alternative ideal—alternative to techniques held hostage to despotic ideas about efficiency and profit.     

骨组织工程研究的方法论检讨及其思路创新

目前骨组织工程的研究十分注重分析和实验的方法,走的主要是还原论的道路.系统科学的进展表明,生物体功能的行使远非简单的子系统叠加,单纯的还原论方法遇到了挑战.系统论更适合于骨组织工程研究的方法论指导.讨论整体论与还原论相结合的骨组织工程研究的创新思路,探讨建立体内灌注诱导成骨微环境系统这一创新性的近同构模型.     

基因工程药物发展的历史及启示

基因工程诞生20余年,运用于医药行业,研制和开发工程药物,已取得长足进展,迄今为止,已有近100个基因工程新药上市,并有数百种正在研制和开发中,可以预计,基因工程药物的发展具有无比强大的生命力。就基因工程药物发展史进行概述,会从中得到许多启示。     

Effective random seeding of random number generators

To obtain different sequences of values from a random number generating algorithm, we must start with different seed values or discard a variable number of initial samples. For maximum independence among sequences, differences must include the lowest order seed bits, and some generators require one to wait many samples for differences to propagate to the significant bits. While it is straightforward to generate two statistically independent sequences, it is surprisingly difficult to generate three or more such sequences.     

Hidden in Plain View: Feminists Doing Engineering Ethics, Engineers Doing Feminist Ethics

How has engineering ethics addressed gender concerns to date? How have the ideas of feminist philosophers and feminist ethicists made their way into engineering ethics? What might an explicitly feminist engineering ethics look like? This paper reviews some major themes in feminist ethics and then considers three areas in which these themes have been taken up in engineering ethics to date. First, Caroline Whitbeck’s work in engineering ethics integrates considerations from her own earlier writings and those of other feminist philosophers, but does not use the feminist label. Second, efforts to incorporate the Ethic of Care and principles of Social Justice into engineering have drawn on feminist scholarship and principles, but these commitments can be lost in translation to the broader engineering community. Third, the film Henry’s Daughters brings gender considerations into the mainstream of engineering ethics, but does not draw on feminist ethics per se; despite the best intentions in broaching a difficult subject, the film unfortunately does more harm than good when it comes to sexual harassment education. I seek not only to make the case that engineers should pay attention to feminist ethics and engineering ethicists make more use of feminist ethics traditions in the field, but also to provide some avenues for how to approach integrating feminist ethics in engineering. The literature review and analysis of the three examples point to future work for further developing what might be called feminist engineering ethics.