超越双螺旋:DNA对科学与社会文化的影响

50年前,DNA双螺旋结构的建立标志着生命科学一个崭新时代的到来。DNA双螺旋结构模型的建立不仅使生命科学及其相关领域发生了巨大变化,而且也深刻地影响到人类的社会生活与思想观念,甚至影响到社会文明的前景。今天,我们又站在一个历史的转折点上,中国科学家应当主动迎接生物技术世纪和知识经济时代的挑战,不仅在分子生物学的研究前沿作出自己的贡献,而且也应创造出更多的科学成果造福于人民。     

NBIC会聚技术对医学教育改革的启示

介绍了科技发展前沿领域"NBIC会聚技术"的含义和起源,并提出:关注科学统一与技术会聚的整体发展观,树立大医学教育的理念;顺应学科交叉融合的大趋势,积极推进医学院校办学模式改革;重视当代科技发展的大科学特征,正确定位医学教育培养目标;紧扣生命科学发展前沿,加强开放式课程体系建设.     

大数据驱动下的生命科学研究范式变革

在生命科学领域出现的将大数据技术广泛应用于科学过程的方法对生命科学造成了颠覆性的影响，导致了生命科学研究范式的变革，产生了大数据驱动下的生命科学研究范式。这一生命科学研究范式以新方法论与认识论、新的组织方式、新的产业经济范式和新的价值论为构成要素。对这些要素的形成和变革进行研究，分析其发生的原因及影响，对当代前沿生命科学的健康发展具有指导意义。     

NBIC会聚技术对医学教育改革的启示

介绍了科技发展前沿领域“NBIC会聚技术”的含义和起源,并提出:关注科学统一与技术会聚的整体发展观,树立大医学教育的理念;顺应学科交叉融合的大趋势,积极推进医学院校办学模式改革;重视当代科技发展的大科学特征,正确定位医学教育培养目标;紧扣生命科学发展前沿,加强开放式课程体系建设。     

从复杂性科学的角度分析干燥综合征分类标准优化发展

复杂性科学是一个将哲学理念与现代化技术体系相结合的新兴学科,作为前沿科学已广泛应用于自然科学及社会科学多领域,但鲜有在风湿免疫病领域的应用研究.干燥综合征是医学界最为困惑的复杂病种之一,本文试从复杂性科学的自组织与他组织机制、涌现性、适应性与动态有序性的角度出发,分析干燥综合征的发病机制及若干分类标准,探索了复杂性科学思维在临床诊断中的应用价值.     

人类基因组计划与医学科学发展

人类基因组计划与医学科学发展中国医科大学博士生（沈阳１１０００３）李树义导师孙开来人类基因组计划（ＨｕｍａｎＧｅｎｏ－ｍｅＰｒｏｉｅｃｔ,以下简称ＨＧＰ）是当代生命科学领域一项最引人注目的跨世纪巨大工程,被誉为“人体阿波罗计划”。其目标是用１５年时间...     

分子生物学视野下结构和功能的关系与临床疾病

分子生物学作为一门新兴学科,代表了生命科学研究领域的前沿,新理论、新技术、新成果层出不穷.生物大分子结构与功能关系的研究对分子生物学的发展起着极其重要的推动作用,是分子生物学科研和教学的主题,也为探索疾病的本质和规律提供了新思路.     

国外生命科学哲学的研究

生命科学哲学是科学哲学的一个重要分支,也是国外科学哲学研究的一个热点领域.作为一门学科的生命科学哲学兴起于20世纪70年代.国外生命科学哲学研究有两种主要的理论倾向,一是分支论,一是自主论.说明了生命科学哲学研究的四个层次的问题.简要介绍了迈尔、霍尔、鲁斯、罗森伯格、索伯尔等人的生命科学哲学思想.     

认知与决策领域的中国研究现况分析

由于决策科学对于社会经济建设有着直接的意义,所以一直是诸多学科的研究焦点。中国在认知与决策领域经过二十几年的积累,在相当广泛的课题上进行了研究也取得了不小的成就。该文对近年来国内决策科学的研究进行了初步的归纳和总结,其特点为：（1）研究主题广泛;（2）与国际前沿课题保持了高度的一致但仍然缺乏系统性。（3）结合实践课题进行了有益的探讨。同时,该文也尝试对该领域未来发展的趋势进行了分析,目的是抛砖引玉,更好地促进中国决策科学领域的发展。     

基于生命科学发展的高等医学教育课程改革研究

高等医学教育教学内容与生命科学的发展应该保持同步更新.研究了生命科学前沿学科群在临床医学本科专业人才培养中的重要性、课程方式及课程深度.提出前沿课程设置应处理好基础与新进展、宏观与微观、时间与内客三个关系,现代医学本科教育应培养学生成为宽口径、厚基础、多分化能力的"干细胞型人才".     

Construction of the Disciplinary,Academic, and Discourse Systems in the Contemporary Chinese Philosophy of Science and Technology: Retrospect and Prospect

A review of the decades of research shows that Chinese philosophy of science and technology, on the strength of carrying forward traditions and blazing new trails, has made progress in the construction of discipline system and development of institutions, teaching materials and periodicals, with deepening the discussion on discipline orientation. In academic system construction, driven by efforts to update the academic framework and deepen research on the philosophy of nature, philosophy of science, philosophy of technology, science, technology and society, as well as other traditional fields, achievements have been made in ethical reflections on high technology, engineering ethics, big data and artificial intelligence philosophy, responsible innovation and other emerging, frontier and crosscutting fields. In the construction of discourse system, work has been done to make China’s voice heard on the international stage, excavate and elucidate the excellent traditional Chinese culture, and build disciplines with Chinese characteristics. In short, the achievements of the Chinese philosophy of science and technology have not come easily. Though a diverse and dynamic academic pattern has been formed, and wonderful and unique Chinese discourse has been created, we still face some problems. To accelerate the construction of “Three Systems” of the philosophy of science and technology with Chinese characteristics by building on existing achievements, we should carry forward the tradition of dialectics of nature and strengthen the guidance of Marxism, consolidate the foundation of philosophy and support interdisciplinary interaction and cooperation, track the frontiers of science and technology, and pay attention to the social operation of science and technology.     

Body–Mind Integrality: Remarks on the Nature and Origin of Universe and Life

This article summarizes scientific knowledge in the fields of quantum physics and medical science regarding the origin and the nature of the universe and life. The recent discoveries in the fields of biophysics, genetics, epigenetics, neuroscience, and psychosomatics describe the universe and life as highly coherent systems where information is a key factor. In this concept living systems are cognitive networks in a dynamic relationship with their environment. Health in this context is a dynamic balance in a subject in which the information flows functionally. Disease is identified as a pathology of information that can be classified in a new way, considering two different codes of meaning—the semiotic and the symbolic.     

英国人类胚胎研究管理体制建立的背景及其现实功能分析--兼论日本生命科学技术的社会管理体制结构

随着生命科学技术的发展,出现了很多新的生命伦理学问题.英国的人类胚胎研究管理体制(HFEA)能够提供有益的借鉴.介绍了这一体制建立的背景并对其现实功能进行分析.得出结论:日本应该建立一个生命科学技术的社会管理体制.     

Literature, Religion, and Science: A Personal and Professional Trajectory

By tracing the trajectory of his own personal and professional life, the author provides a perspective on how intellectual and religious or spiritual growth, while often seemingly at odds with each other, can nonetheless advance in a mutually enhancing manner. The historical conflict between literature and science is briefly outlined as a parallel to that between religion and science, and the importance of metaphor as a common element in all three fields is explored. Emphasis is placed on metaphor as a means of challenging absolutism, encouraging humility, and promoting a sense of wonder about the universe.     

Promoting Translational Research Among Movement Science,Occupational Science,and Occupational Therapy

Integration of research in the fields of neural control of movement and biomechanics (collectively referred to as movement science) with the field of human occupation directly benefits both areas of study. Specifically, incorporating many of the quantitative scientific methods and analyses employed in movement science can help accelerate the development of rehabilitation-relevant research in occupational therapy (OT) and occupational science (OS). Reciprocally, OT and OS, which focus on the performance of everyday activities (occupations) to promote health and well-being, provide theoretical frameworks to guide research on the performance of actions in the context of social, psychological, and environmental factors. Given both fields’ mutual interest in the study of movement as it relates to health and disease, the authors posit that combining OS and OT theories and principles with the theories and methods in movement science may lead to new, impactful, and clinically relevant knowledge. The first step is to ensure that individuals with OS or OT backgrounds are academically prepared to pursue advanced study in movement science. In this article, the authors propose 2 strategies to address this need.     

当今医学科技的发展趋势及我国的发展战略

作为生命科学最重要组成部分的医学科学走向科技发展的新时代。在下个世纪,科研重点将向生命科学和生命医学转移。充分认识医学科学技术的地位和作用,及当代医学科技发展的主要趋势和特点,制定我国医学科学的发展战略,加强医学高技术的发展,对我国的医学科技发展将具有十分重要的意义。     

试论后基因组时代生命科学的基本特征

随着后基因组时代的到来,生命科学领域出现了很多新的发展动向,蛋白质结构和功能研究、基因工程、基因调控研究、基因信息学等将成为学科发展的热点问题。很多相关新技术也将随之出现,如基因芯片技术等。计算机在相关领域的应用将进一步加强。     

对临床科学研究存在的问题的思考

学风浮躁、急功近利、弄虚作假,困扰着临床医学研究,影响着临床医学的创新和发展。这不仅与当前的科技评价、管理制度有关,更与科研工作与领导的政绩、业绩有关。遵循科学研究的自然规律,让学术回归学术,建立同行评议制度,恢复学者的诚信,是临床医学研究创新发展的前提。同时,结合医院的分级管理,临床医学研究也应分类管理。     

DIVINE DNA? “SECULAR” AND “RELIGIOUS” REPRESENTATIONS OF SCIENCE IN NONFICTION SCIENCE TELEVISION PROGRAMS

Through analysis of film sequences focusing on DNA in two British Broadcasting Corporation nonfiction science television programs, Wonders of Life and Bang! Goes the Theory, first broadcast in 2013, contrasting “religious” and “secular” representations of science are identified. In the “religious” portrayal, immutable scientific knowledge is revealed to humanity by nature with minimal human intervention. Science provides a creation story, “explanatory omnicompetence,” and makes life existentially meaningful. In the “secular” portrayal, scientific knowledge is changeable; is produced through technical skill in expert communities; and is ambiguous, potentially positive and negative for society. Television representations of science affect audience understandings, and this is particularly the case for nonfiction representations of science, as they are likely to be “taken more seriously” than fictional representations. The consequences of the “religious” representation of science are discussed, and it is argued that a widespread understanding of science as presented in the religious portrayal would negatively impact democracy.