Utilisation d'un hypermédia et apprentissage : deux activités concurrentes ou complémentaires ?

This article presents a review of the empirical literature about the use of hypermedia for learning. It uses the cognitive load theory as a framework to interpreter the results. This framework enables us to structure the review in four main parts, corresponding to the principal sources of the variations of the cognitive cost: the hypermedia, the learner, the leaning task, and the using task, and to their under-components. According to us, the user of an hypermedia for learning carries out a learning activity and a hypermedia using activity, the first being the goal, the second being the means and representing a specific overcost. We propose to interpret the data observed not in reference to a linear correlation training-use but in reference to the implication training-use.     

Les études des relations sociales précoces : sommes-nous trop « sécure » avec l'attachement ou trop « attaché » à la sécurité ?

During the past thirty years, empirical research has amply demonstrated the central role of early mother-child relations for subsequent social, cognitive and affective development. However, this confirmation of the vital role of primary attachment for later personal development has been accompanied by a relative neglect of the contribution of other social partners to the emerging competence of the young child. A critical review of the attachment literature underscores the need to replace the monotropic model of primary attachment by a more systemic model of development within the polyadic context of the family. For both theoretical and empirical reasons, a social ecological approach to early development permits overcoming the prosocial, positivistic biases of a single dimension, dyadic model of early socialization. The formulation of more systemic, multi-dimensional models of early family relations promises to advance our understanding of the complex adaptive processes that serve as developmental foundations for children’s emerging interpersonal competence.     

Quel type d'approche scientifique pour la description de la personnalité ?

The purpose of the introduction to the special issue “scientific approaches of personality: challenges and controversies” is to present three different approaches to the scientific study of personality and personality judgment: the factorial approach, psychosocial approach, personality assessment at the level of the individual. The theoretical foundations of each field are exposed in the first part of the introduction. In the second part, we present the articles that compose this special issue.     

Quel cadre pour les groupes d'analyse de la pratique ?

The article recounts an uncommon experience in which analysis of clinical situations in a group setting is led and animated by a psychologist who is a member of the same institution as the group of personnel requesting the clinical analysis. Due to the fact that the psychologist is also a member of the institution, this setting seems to go against the psychoanalytical theory, which serves as the main reference for this type of analysis. However, the author hypothesizes that this type of setting may allow a genuine process of subjective elaboration, provided that certain conditions are established in order to respect the principles of "transitional analysis" as defined by D. Anzieu. In this way, it is possible to respond to certain situations, which are organized by experiences or impressions of the "basic default" as theorized by M. Balint, and presented as very little differentiated request.     

Demenz – Ein syndromatologisches Chamäleon

psychopraxis. neuropraxis - Wir präsentieren den Fall eines Patienten, bei dem nur durch eine jahrelange Verlaufskontrolle eine relativ exakte Diagnosestellung möglich war. Der Patient...     

Analyse de l'activité et mouvements dialogiques dans le cadre de l'instruction au sosie

In this paper, the author is interested in two questions: how to impulse the analysis of the activity in a developmental way for the subjects involved? Which scientific knowledge is useful to explain and understand such a process? Based on Vygotski's work, for whom thought undergoes many changes as it turns into speech, we will first suggest to transform the point of view on “what is difficult to say” for the subjects in work analysis to consider it as resources for the analysis. In the continuity of Vygotski's work, we try to understand what constitutes the heart of this development process, in particular the nature of the changes between internal and external language. We will then present the method called “instructions to the double” as it is taken up in our research team “Clinique de l'Activité”. Finally, analyzing a piece of instructions to the double realized by an employee in a group of social workers dedicated to professional integration, we will identify the dialogical movements present in the analysis process. Bakhtin becomes then an essential reference to understand the migrations of the thought.     

L'influence de l'activation des rapports intersexes sur les choix en faveur de la famille,du travail,du bénévolat ou des loisirs personnels

The aim of this paper was to study how the activation of intersexes relations affected the choices of activities linked to “relational” or “market” individualism. Firstly, as in Marro's research (1998), stories were presented in which the protagonists, being female or male, for different reasons (personal, professional, etc.) must decide or not to modify the time allocation that they devote to various activities, such as family, work, leisure, or voluntary help. Next, the subjects had to point out which choice they would personally advise. In addition, an activation of intersexes relations was carried out. The results have shown: 1) that personal advice in favour of “relational” or “market” individualism are found in both sexes ; 2) that the activation of intersexes relations modified more personal advice of female subjects than of male subjects (then more oriented, to family and work for women, to leisure for men).     

La formation en psychologie : du savoir à la culture

What do we exactly do, when we use academic studies to train a psychologist? This paper explores the idea that, besides transmitting theoretical knowledge and practical skills, we accompany the students through an intense identity reorganisation, a migration crisis which for them is implied by the discovery of the psychological culture. It is based upon the author's practice, as a psychologist and teacher, with mature students, whose experience constitutes a magnifiying glass to understand the process of this reorganization. Along this way, psychological knowledge cannot be envisioned only as an object to be transmitted, but as an object to be constructed: the model of knowledge acquisition is transformed into a model of reinforcement of thought.     

La rotation alternante en 3 × 8 et ses effets sur le processus d'inhibition

This experiment is based on the negative priming paradigm by using a Stroop like material (Dalrymple-Alford et Budayr, 1966) to study an inhibitory functional deficit in 3 × 8 alternating shiftworkers. The results revealed a deficit in the inhibitory mechanism when 3 × 8 and 2 × 8 ex 3 × 8 alternating shiftworkers were compared with 2 × 8 alternating shiftworkers. These results make necessary to develop further studies on the effects of the 3 × 8 alternating shiftwork on the information processing system, that focus on attentional processes.     

Analyse de la dispersion des indices du WISC-IV en utilisant l'écart significatif par rapport à la moyenne des quatre indices

The discontinuation of traditional Verbal and Performance IQs in the WISC-IV and their replacement by four Indices lead to important modifications in practitioners' habits. The scatter analysis of the composite scores should be now considered in another way. In this paper, we advocate the use of the average index score as a baseline to analyze the Index score variability and to identify strengths and weaknesses in the profile of the Index scores. Davis's formula was used to compute reference values that can be used to highlight the Index scores significantly moving away from the average index score. The method was used for analyzing the Index score scatter in the standardization sample of the French adaptation of the WISC-IV. A rather important dispersion of the Index scores around the average index score was observed. More than 60% of the standardization sample showed at least one Index scores significantly moving away from the average index score. This variability was unrelated to gender, age and IQ level.     

Clinique de la souffrance en milieu judiciaire : plaidoyer pour un cadre élargi

We think about the practise of the psychologist in judicial milieu who accompany adolescents or adults accused, before judgment. We suggest that this people address a specific demand on the social environment by acting out; their psychic difficulties include the absence of a cure demand. In this context, the verbalisation about the transgressive acting out permit to open a subjectivation work. But for the most suffering patients, the psychologist serve to contain the early life traumatisms, linked to the judicial affair, and which mobilize notably the counter-transference of the clinician. The elaboration of the meet setting, with his paradoxical aspect, constitute one of the conditions to create a relation, in suffering way in the life history of the patient.     

Influencer les jugements de l'adversaire au cours des interactions sportives compétitives : un exemple en tennis de table

This study analysed the masking activity of table tennis players, and any activity attempting to influence opponent's perceptions. We studied the activity of five French table tennis players during national matches in reference to the course of action theory (Theureau, 1992). Matches were videotaped, and the players' verbalizations as they viewed the tapes were collected a posteriori. The data were analysed by 1) transcribing the players' actions and verbalizations, 2) decomposing their activity into elementary units of meaning, and 3) analysing the meaningful structures of the course of action. The results showed that a large part of the table tennis players activity attempts to influence opponent's judgments. This activity aims to 1) modify the opponent's emotional experience, and 2) influence the opponent's perception of adversarial relationship. It is expressed through strokes and behaviors not related to the game. Our results lead to a new perspective of table tennis matches analysis in term of collective activity and “shared context” (Salembier and Zouinar, 2004).     

Validation of a French version of the Obsessive–Compulsive Inventory-Revised in a non-clinical sample

Foa et al. (2002) presented a new instrument, the Obsessive–Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R), designed to evaluate the severity of obsessive–compulsive symptoms in both clinical and non-clinical individuals. The present study investigates the psychometric properties of a French version of this scale. The OCI-R French version was completed by 583 undergraduate students. The results revealed satisfactory internal consistency as measured by Cronbach's alpha coefficients (ranging from 0.63 to 0.86). In addition, the six-factor structure found by Foa et al. (2002) was confirmed in our sample by a confirmatory factor analysis. In brief, the French version of the OCI-R seems satisfactory for measuring Obsessive–Compulsive Disorders (OCD) symptoms in non-clinical samples. Future research is, however, needed to confirm these data in a sample of OCD patients.     

Les directives anticipées et la personne de confiance en gériatrie : de l'émergence de mouvements défensifs à une possibilité d'élaboration psychique sur le vieillissement et la mort proche pour le sujet âgé et sa famille

The object of this study is to identify old people's resistances and their family's, concerning advance directives and the personhood's nomination. Semi-structured interviews were realized by 20 hospital patients and 14 persons living in an old people's home. Families named as “personhood” by their parents were also interviewed. Writing advances directives spark off anguish and defence mechanisms among the elderly people and their families, curbing the law's application. But these protocols seem to be used as a tool of the trade by the psychologist in geriatrics. It allows indeed old people to enter in an grieving process and to prepare themselves for the end-of-life.