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有关专家曾询问过一群经常同马打交道的农村孩子:“你们为什么喜欢马?”调查结果表明,孩子们感到马是那样健壮、懂事,自己对马负有责任。这些5~11岁的孩子本身似乎还需要大人帮助和照料,但是养丁马后,就变得比较成熟。专家们还调查过500余名少年,其中97%的孩子表达了自己对家养动物所具有的特殊的爱。他们称这些动物是“最好的朋友”,自己是它们“唯一的庇护者”等。 对成人来说,特别是对那些独身者,家养动物会 相似文献
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Kolar R 《Science and engineering ethics》2006,12(1):111-122
Millions of animals are used every year in oftentimes extremely painful and distressing scientific procedures. Legislation
of animal experimentation in modern societies is based on the supposition that this is ethically acceptable when certain more
or less defined formal (e.g. logistical, technical) demands and ethical principles are met. The main parameters in this context
correspond to the “3Rs” concept as defined by Russel and Burch in 1959, i.e. that all efforts to replace, reduce and refine
experiments must be undertaken.
The licensing of animal experiments normally requires an ethical evaluation process, oftentimes undertaken by ethics committees.
The serious problems in putting this idea into practice include inter alia unclear conditions and standards for ethical decisions, insufficient management of experiments undertaken for specific (e.g.
regulatory) purposes, and conflicts of interest of ethics committees’ members.
There is an ongoing societal debate about ethical issues of animal use in science. Existing EU legislation on animal experimentation
for cosmetics testing is an example of both the public will for setting clear limits to animal experiments and the need to
further critically examine other fields and aspects of animal experimentation.
This paper was presented at the 6th International Bioethics Conference on the subject of ‘The Responsible Conduct of Basic
and Clinical Research’, held in Warsaw, Poland, 3–4 June 2005.
The paper has been expanded from an article to be published in the forthcoming Council of Europe publication entitled “Animal Protection and Welfare”. 相似文献