关于人才素质和科研创新思维的培养问题

1　要有对国家、民族责任感的素质当今世界、国际间的竞争越来越表现为科学人才的竞争。国与国之间实力的竞争 ,是人才的竞争 ,创新的竞争。创新的关键在人才 ,要充分认识到人才竞争和创新的重要性。我们要清醒地看到 ,虽然我们现在发展强大 ,但我们仍是发展中国家 ,地大、人口多、耕地少 ,还比较贫穷。科技队伍小 ,人才流失严重。一方面 ,呈现出年龄老化现象 ,6 0岁以上的科技工作者有十几万人 ,致使青黄不接 ,缺乏骨干。另一方面 ,人才构成偏年轻化 ,经验欠缺 ,影响工作质量 ,重大项目开展和医疗事故较多。党和国家十分重视这一问题 ,多年…     

生物医学发展前沿对管理创新的影响

当前,由于生物医学的发展异常迅猛,不断出现新的研究领域和新的发展方向,有的正处于重大突破的边缘,因此,关注和研究当前生物医学发展前沿,了解其变化和走向,对推动生物医学发展,加强科研管理的战略性导向,促进管理创新,具有十分重要的意义。1　当前生物医学发展的几个重要前沿领域1900年,ＤｅＶｒｉｅｓＣｏｒｒｅｎｓ和ＶｏｎＴｓｃｈｅｒｍａｋ不约而同地重新发现了Ｍｅｎｄｅｌ的遗传定律并证实了它的重要性。接着Ｍｏｒｇａｎ创立了染色体基因学说,并获1933年诺贝尔生理学与医学奖。在这些重大科学发现的推动下,当时的遗传学、细胞学、…     

协同创新设计中科研导向与基础教学的衔接

我国的教育改革收到了极大的成效,集中体现在高等院校形成了一定的办学规模。接下来我国高等教育怎样实现质的飞跃,提升高校教学质量,最终完成我国高等教育的变革和转型,主要体现在高等教育模式由单一走向多元,由封闭转向开放。但高校有着和基础教育所不同的特质,那就是在承担教育的同时,还要进行科研工作,当前我国高等教育所要面对的问题是怎样构建教育和科研协同创新的新体制。     

儒学创新与马克思主义创新──和杜维明先生对话

本文针对杜维明先生《全球化与本土化冲击下的儒家人文精神》一文所提出的问题,指出,儒学创新与马克思主义创新是中国现实迫切需要解决的问题。认为马克思主义与中西文化的综合创新是中国文化发展的方向。     

浅析幽门螺杆菌研究过程中的科研创新

幽门螺杆菌(Hp)是一种古老细菌,但是人们直到近年才发现并确定其与多种胃肠道疾病相关,如胃炎、消化性溃疡、胃癌等;在对Hp的科研创新中经历了许多的成功与挫折,如Hp的发现过程中的科研创新、思维变化;通过从临床流行病学到基础研究揭示胃癌与幽门螺杆菌的关系;Hp的治疗中所涉及的伦理,治疗策略问题;Hp在人类迁移的研究过程的意义,以及疫苗的研究过程中所面临的挑战与机遇等.本文通过回顾Hp的研究过程,简单揭示幽门螺杆菌科研过程中的科研思维变化.     

以创新促和谐——日常心理调节探微

创新在人们日常行为的心理调节中具有重要作用,每个人都具有自我创新的能力。在日常生活中,人们要实现心理和谐要求运用创新心理调节方法,包括:异质同构、异质异构或反向形成、第三条道路等。而创新心理调节能力培养的途径有:发挥自主性、重视非智力因素、宽容的环境以及美德。本文介绍并剖析了创新在日常心理调节中的应用,揭示了它的培养途径。     

HBV相关肝细胞癌综合治疗中抗病毒的作用

分析抗病毒治疗在乙型肝炎病毒相关肝细胞癌的综合治疗中所起的作用.随着肝细胞癌治疗模式的转变,目前认为抗HBV治疗是HCC综合治疗的重要组成部分,应针对患者进行个体化、优化的多学科综合治疗,选择合适的高效、低耐药、低副作用的抗病毒药物,才能达到提高患者生活质量和延长生存时间的目的.     

肾移植术前患者应用大剂量促红素的临床研究

探索肾移植术前患者应用大剂量促红素(50 IU·kg-1·day-1)纠正严重贫血以达到手术要求的可行性和有效性.70例尿毒症严重贫血患者据是否有肾移植要求分为A、B组,A组每日皮下注射促红素50IU/kg,待血红蛋白(hemoglobin,HGB)上升至80g/L,改为常规剂量维持等待肾移植手术施行.B组按常规剂量应用促红素.治疗期间,监测血常规、血生化、血液流变学、血压等指标及患者出现的各种不良反应.结果显示,两组患者自治疗2、3、4周后血红蛋白值均有显著性差异,血生化、肝功系列值、血液流变学、血压结果差异无统计学差异.因此肾移植术前患者应用大剂量促红素可避免多项肾移植不利因素,可较好地解决肾移植术前贫血这一难题.     

肾移植术前患者应用大剂量促红素的临床研究

探索肾移植术前患者应用大剂量促红素(50 IU.kg-1.day-1)纠正严重贫血以达到手术要求的可行性和有效性。70例尿毒症严重贫血患者据是否有肾移植要求分为A、B组,A组每日皮下注射促红素50IU/kg,待血红蛋白(hemoglo-bin,HGB)上升至80g/L,改为常规剂量维持等待肾移植手术施行。B组按常规剂量应用促红素。治疗期间,监测血常规、血生化、血液流变学、血压等指标及患者出现的各种不良反应。结果显示,两组患者自治疗2、3、4周后血红蛋白值均有显著性差异,血生化、肝功系列值、血液流变学、血压结果差异无统计学差异。因此肾移植术前患者应用大剂量促红素可避免多项肾移植不利因素,可较好地解决肾移植术前贫血这一难题。     

传统节日文化传承与创新的现实意义和路径选择

春节、元宵节、中秋节等传统节日作为中华民族最具特色与文化内涵的非物质文化遗产,对于国人来说一直都具有着非常重要的意义,但在近几年来,受外来文化冲击、节日氛围下降、生活方式改变等诸多因素的影响,传统节日开始呈现出了逐渐衰弱的趋势。基于此,文章结合传统节日文化在我国的发展现状,对传统节日文化传承创新的现实意义展开了探讨,并在此基础上提出了一些传承创新建议,希望能够让中华民族传统节日文化在未来继续传承下去,并得到更好的发展。     

Knowing Through Making: The Role of the Artefact in Practice-led Research

During the last decade, research in art and design in Finland has begun to explore new dimensions. Artists and designers have taken an active role in contextualising and interpreting the creative process in practice, as well as the products of this process, by looking at the process itself and the works produced through it. From this new point of view, the knowledge and the skills of a practising artist or designer form a central part of the research process, and this has produced a new way of doing research. In this new type of research project, part of the research is carried out as art or design practice. The central methodological question of this emerging field of research is: how can art or design practice interact with research in such a manner that they will together produce new knowledge, create a new point of view or form new, creative ways of doing research? In this article, the making and the products of making are seen as an essential part of research: they can be conceived both as answers to particular research questions and as artistic or designerly argumentation. As an object made by an artist–researcher, the artefact can also be seen as a method for collecting and preserving information and understanding. However, the artefacts seem unable to pass on their knowledge, which is relevant for the research context. Thus, the crucial task to be carried out is to give a voice to the artefact. This means interpreting the artefact. During the process of interpretation, furthermore, the artefact has to be placed into a suitable theoretical context. In this process, the final products (the artefacts) can be seen as revealing their stories, i.e. the knowledge they embody.     

肝细胞生长因子受体在胶质母细胞瘤术后放疗过程中的价值评价

为了探讨脑胶质母细胞瘤术后放疗对肝细胞生长因子受体表达规律的影响,对25例胶质母细胞瘤患者进行研究。结果显示肝细胞生长因子受体在复发前接受放疗与未接受放疗的患者中,复发后肝细胞生长因子受体表达及复发时间差异明显（P〈0．05）。因此放疗能对肝细胞生长因子受体在胶质母细胞瘤的表达产生影响,进而影响到其复发时间。     

肝细胞生长因子受体在胶质母细胞瘤术后放疗过程中的价值评价

为了探讨脑胶质母细胞瘤术后放疗对肝细胞生长因子受体表达规律的影响,对25例胶质母细胞瘤患者进行研究.结果显示肝细胞生长因子受体在复发前接受放疗与未接受放疗的患者中,复发后肝细胞生长因子受体表达及复发时间差异明显(P<0.05).因此放疗能对肝细胞生长因子受体在胶质母细胞瘤的表达产生影响,进而影响到其复发时间.     

论曾国藩的睦邻观

在中国传统家庭伦理思想中,睦邻观是一个重要的层面。曾国藩作为晚清大儒、深受中国传统文化之浸润。在其丰富的家庭伦理思想中,睦邻观是重要内容之一,当代人从中或许可以获得一些有益的启示。     

The Role of Spirituality in Advance Directive Decision Making Among Independent Community Dwelling Older Adults

The purpose of this grounded theory study, based on Strauss and Corbin’s (1998) grounded theory methodology, was to investigate the meaning, definition, and needs regarding the role of spirituality in end of life care among independent community dwelling older adults in relation to advance directive decision making (ADDM). Findings revealed that through the use of story telling, independent community dwelling older adults were able to define spirituality and describe the important role spirituality plays in everyday life and in ADDM. A theoretical model was constructed consisting of a mirrored basic social process, Spirituality as Connecting.     

A Review of the Types of Scientific Misconduct in Biomedical Research

Biomedical research has increased in magnitude over the last two decades. Increasing number of researchers has led to increase in competition for scarce resources. Researchers have often tried to take the shortest route to success which may involve performing fraudulent research. Science suffers from unethical research as much time, effort and cost is involved in exposing fraud and setting the standards right. It is better for all students of science to be aware of the methods used in fraudulent research so that such research can be detected early. Biomedical research is one area that seems to have attracted maximum numbers of fraudulent researchers; hence this article devotes itself to biomedical research scenario.     

国外有关非智力因素的实证研究

国外的许多心理学家已经对非智力因素问题进行了大量的实证性研究。心理测量学家们主要是围绕智力因素与非智力因素的关系展开研究。而一些教育心理学家和实验心理学家则宁可去研究动机、情感、人格等因素对学生学业成就的影响。对国外非智力因素实证研究的回顾将有助于今天国内的非智力因素研究。     

Individual Characteristics of Political Leaders and the Use of Analogy in Foreign Policy Decision Making

The linkages between individual characteristics of political leaders and their usage of historical analogy during foreign policy decision-making episodes were examined. The individual characteristics studied were conceptual complexity and policy expertise, while usage of analogy was studied in terms of the sophistication and source of historical comparisons. The great majority of the analogies used by low-complexity individuals were nonsophisticated, whereas high-complexity individuals consistently used more sophisticated analogies. Low-complexity individuals drew analogies solely from their own generational and cultural context, while high-complexity leaders drew their analogies from a wider range of sources. More expert leaders drew from their personal experiences to a marginally greater degree than less expert individuals but, interestingly, both types of individual relied on generally available rather than personally experienced events for their analogies. The value added of the approach is to demonstrate that different types of leaders use history differently during political decision making.     

Environmental Influences on Ethical Decision Making: Climate and Environmental Predictors of Research Integrity

It is commonly held that early career experiences influence ethical behavior. One way early career experiences might operate is to influence the decisions people make when presented with problems that raise ethical concerns. To test this proposition, 102 first-year doctoral students were asked to complete a series of measures examining ethical decision making along with a series of measures examining environmental experiences and climate perceptions. Factoring of the environmental measure yielded five dimensions: professional leadership, poor coping, lack of rewards, limited competitive pressure, and poor career direction. Factoring of the climate inventory yielded four dimensions: equity, interpersonal conflict, occupational engagement, and work commitment. When these dimensions were used to predict performance on the ethical decision-making task, it was found that the environmental dimensions were better predictors than the climate dimensions. The implications of these findings for research on ethical conduct are discussed.