论中国少数民族萨满教哲学的滥觞─—关于一种民间思想的哲学人类学探讨

本文从哲学人类学的角度分析了萨满教的宇宙观、自然观、灵魂观等观念体系，提出了中国少数民族的萨满教哲学是一种萌芽状态的直观哲学，直观性是萨满教的主要特征的观点。文中指出，萨满教的观念体系中不仅包含着丰富的认识世界的神秘思维方法，还蕴含着探索宇宙之谜和万物本源的哲学思想。它是一种带有直观性、混沌性、类比性的综合思想体系。     

试论萨满教的价值及萨满学研究

萨满教作为人类早期的一种宗教形态,具有多方面的价值,在特定民族的早期发展阶段,对于实现社会和谐,对于特定群体精神品质的形成,具有积极的意义。就学术价值而言,萨满教为现代人考察、探讨宗教的发生和发展规律提供了鲜活的资源。萨满教所具有的综合体的特质,使其对于北方先民原始文化的起源具有重要的催生作用,成为原始文化诸种形式的母源。因此,萨满教也成为探索原始文化的途径之一。     

试论新疆少数民族城乡中的萨满教遗存

本文考察了留存至今的新疆少数民族城乡中有关萨满教信仰内容以及仪式,分析了其长期存在的原因,指出萨满教保留了许多新疆少数民族原始文化的"活态因子".     

察布查尔锡伯族宗教信仰状况调查——锡伯族的萨满教信仰及其他

察布查尔锡伯族历史上有信仰多种宗教的传统，19世纪末20世纪初首先关注此领域的是俄国学者．上世纪八十年代以来我国的一些学者亦投身此项研究。作者在参阅相关文献和实地调查的基础上．提出察县现代萨满教实质上是祖先崇拜，锡伯族萨满教中的“相通”实为北方民间信仰——“四大门”的“香头”等观点，希望与相关学者探讨。     

试论达斡尔族萨满教的神灵世界

萨满教是达斡尔族传统文化的重要组成部分,曾经深刻地影响了他们社会生活的方方面面。近30年来传统文化出现了恢复和重建的态势,达斡尔族中也出现了萨满文化复苏的势头,产生于远古时代的天神、祖先神、娘娘神、山神、蛇神,依然为当代的达斡尔人普遍供奉。今天,萨满教依然是达斡尔族的主体性信仰,不过,其传统观念和崇拜活动更多地以民间习俗、民族文化的形式保留下来。     

达斡尔族萨满教的衰落与文化重构

萨满教是达斡尔族固有的宗教信仰,时至今日萨满在达斡尔族社会生活中仍有一定的影响力。从它的发展演变历程来看,大致经历了古代全盛时期、近代衰落时期和现代文化重构时期。萨满作为传统文化的集大成者,短时间内还不能彻底消除其影响,这是萨满教能够继续存在的重要原因之一。     

巫统与血统:萨满教的祖神与祖先观念

本文以中国东北部索伦鄂温克族为例,对萨满教中的祖先神与祖先观念进行分析,探讨巫统与血统两个体系如何在社会运作中发挥其功能。萨满教的祖先神既包括氏族或家族中第一位萨满所领的神灵,也包括后来的萨满所收的神灵。通常情况下,血缘祖先由于传承氏族或家族血脉而被子孙祭奠,但是却不会全部列入萨满祖神体系而受到供奉。萨满祖神与血缘祖先的观念构成萨满信仰体系中两个并列存在而又时有交集的结构,共同维持社会秩序的稳定。     

彝族苏尼的萨满特征及若干理论问题探讨

苏尼是四川凉山彝族社会类似于萨满的仪式专家,从萨满教视角研究包含彝族苏尼在内的中国南方民族萨满宗教民俗正在成为学术界思考的新取向。苏尼在产生方式、宗教体验、与神沟通方式及宇宙观与神灵体系方面展现出萨满特征。苏尼萨满特征的个案探究,为从中国南方民族萨满教视角与国际萨满学理论对话、构思完整的中国萨满学研究体系提供了南方民族的经验。     

从神灵那里寻求引导——现代荷兰社会中的新萨满占卜仪式

尽管荷兰是西欧世俗化程度最高的国家之一,但是也出现了一些不同形式的信仰,如:灵恩运动和与区别于传统宗教的灵性信仰。在现代社会中,一些荷兰人试图通过不寻常的、非理性的、具有创造性的新灵性实践在复杂的社会环境中寻求安全感和宗教满足感。新萨满教占卜仪式为一些人解决心灵问题和制定决策提供了一把钥匙。本文研究了人们特别是受过高等教育的女性如何在出神旅行中与新萨满教向导相遇。新萨满教的世界观和象征符号治疗实践为修习者提供了一个新的宗教表达方式,消解了他们对未知的将来持有的存在性的危机感。     

论萨满教对北方初民性关系的规范

人类的氏族组织,与其它所有动物群体有质的区别,它不仅是一个社会性的生产、消费单位,而且承担着人类自己创造的文化的传承.此外,维护氏族外婚制度是其持久不衰、一刻不得松懈的文化功能——使人类健康繁衍,因此,氏族的延续与发展,需要意识形态的保障,而这种意识形态保障在地球的北方在一个相当长的时间内是由萨满教提供的.     

Capital Possession: a comparative approach to 'New Age' and control of the means of possession

This paper reconsiders academic representations of religious phenomena that have been called New Age through contextualised comparison of social practice and discourse. This challenges both the replication of emic models of a New Age in terms that are abstract, classed and racialised, and the way in which the New Age is represented as a social phenomenon unrelated to other contemporary religious forms throughout the world. By identifying spirit possession as a central practice within what is called ‘non-formative religion’, comparisons are drawn with Pentecostalism and Shamanism, documenting their growth under common conditions of neoliberal globalisation across the world. To examine reasons for such resurgence, attention is drawn to what is called the ‘means of possession’: the social contexts in which possession occurs and is controlled. The ambiguity by which control of the means of possession is exercised is explored in terms of a broader social context in which self-authority is both denied and demanded.     

Is There a Korean Contribution to U.S. Pastoral Theology?

South Korea is a unique convergence of eastern and western religious traditions: 30% of South Koreans call themselves Christian, 30% Buddhist, and everyone is strongly influenced by the active traditions of Confucianism and Shamanism. Based on 8 months of research in South Korea, this paper explores three perspectives on the relationship of Christianity to traditional Asian religions: 1) Is Christianity saving Korean spirituality from the failures of Confucianism, Buddhism and Shamanism? 2) Is Christianity destroying Korean spirituality because of its connections with modernism and its rejection of historic Korean religions? 3) Is a deeper Korean spirituality transforming both Christianity and Asian religions into something that will help the world heal from the contradictions of modernism?     

回鹘宗教史上的萨满巫术

萨满教在回鹘中流播时间长、范围广、影响大,以万物有灵论为思想基础,内容包括自然崇拜、图腾崇拜和祖先崇拜等方面。在 763 年摩尼教传入回鹘之前,该教一直享有国教的地位,巫师颇受回鹘统治者宠信。当萨满教的国教地位被摩尼教取代后,其影响并未消失,而是以改变了形式——巫术继续存在于回鹘社会中,以致影响到今日维吾尔族、裕固族的社会文化与习俗。     

Book reviews

Shamdasani, Sonu. Cult Fictions: C. G. Jung and the Founding of Analytical Psychology
Shamdasani, Sonu. Cult Fictions: C.G. Jung and the Founding of Analytical Psychology
Sandner, Donald F. & Wong, Steven H. (eds.). The Sacred Heritage: The Influence of Shamanism on Analytical Psychology
Bion, W. R. War Memoirs 1917–1919
Mitrani, Theodore, Mitrani, Judith et al. (eds.). Encounters with Autistic States
Spensley, Sheila. Frances Tustin
Symington, Neville. The Making of a Psychotherapist.
Killick, Katherine & Schaverien, Joy (eds.). Art, Psychotherapy and Psychosis.     

Encounter with the west—From my life and works

This short essay grew out of remarks made by Dr. Rhi, the leading Jungian psychiatrist in Korea, to friends, colleagues, and students at the end of term in 1996 at Union Theological Seminary in New York, where he had been a visiting professor. He shows briefly, succinctly, with that mixture of earnestness and diffidence which characterizes him as a person and as an analyst, what led him to psychiatry as a profession and how his Jungian convictions and understanding brought opposites into easy relationship for him. Shamanism, Confucianism, Buddhism, and Christianity come together here. East meets West in that wholeness which Rhi, like Jung before him, holds always before him as both goal and achievement.     

Book Reviews

The Cat: A Tale of Feminine Redemption. 1999. By Marie-Louise von Franz Toronto: Inner City Books

Psychology and Religion at the Millennium and Beyond. 1998. Edited by J. Marvin Spiegelman Tempe, Arizona: New Falcon Publications.

The Sacred Heritage: The Influence of Shamanism on Analytical Psychology. 1997. Edited by Donald F. Sandner and Steven H. Wong New York: Routledge.

The Mystery of Human Relationship: Alchemy and the Transformation of the Self. 1998. By Nathan Schwartz-Salant New York: Routledge.

Esperanza: Poems for Orpheus, 1998. By Holly Prado Los Angeles: Cahuenga Press.     

Healers,Leaders and Entrepreneurs: Shamanic Revival in Southern Siberia

While it is generally agreed that in the postmodern world all tradition is invented, in many post-colonial contexts the emerging identities are spelled out in the idiom of ‘traditional heritage’. This article considers the social field of ‘shamanism’ as it has been shaped in the post-Soviet years in Tuva, an autonomous republic within the Russian Federation in Southern Siberia, and analyses Tuvan shamanism as a product of local historical and social forces, and global processes. Based on both the ethnography of the organisational structure of contemporary Tuvan shamanism, and portraits of different categories of practitioners, the article analyses continuity and change in various aspects of what is locally seen as ‘traditional knowledge’, and discusses different skills, orientations, and divisions of labour among the practitioners. Shamanism in post-Soviet Siberia is seen as a postmodern religious movement enmeshed in global structures and processes, and it is only in this context that a local tradition can become alive and meaningful again.     

Long-term group psychotherapy for children with pervasive developmental disorders: evidence for group development

This article highlights the clinical progress of three long-term psychotherapy groups for children with pervasive developmental disorders. Unique aspects of working with such children are addressed as well as their movement through the phases of group development. Clinical observations suggested that these groups did in fact pass through observable phases of cohesion, differentiation, and intimacy. Further, these children demonstrated noticeable social development both inside and outside the groups. They identified strongly with their groups, and after the settling-in period, there was remarkably little resistance to participation, especially given the children's tendencies for social avoidance. Vignettes are provided to illustrate both group developmental phases and noteworthy psychological experiences of the clinical process with children who have been diagnosed with pervasive developmental disorders.     

Coexistence of adjacent vacancy-ordered and eutectic phases in Al–Cu–Ni alloys

ABSTRACT

Copper-mould-cast Al–Cu–Ni alloys show adjacent coexistence of in situ grown ordered and eutectic phases. A bimodal microstructure of α–Al and eutectic α-Al+θ-Al₂Cu phases with length-scale hierarchy evolves during solidification. Microstructural analysis through Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) shows the presence of Vacancy-ordered phases (VOPs) with different morphologies in two different compositions.