对建立我国艾滋病防治督导与评估体系的思考

随着我国艾滋病防治工作的持续深入,定期对艾滋病防治工作进行督导与评估越来越重要。但是,到目前为止,我国尚未建立国家综合协调的艾滋病防治督导与评估体系。通过对建立国家艾滋病防治督导评估体系的必要性、可行性及存在的问题进行分析,围绕如何构建一个统一、综合、有效的督导评估体系提出政策建议。     

对建立我国艾滋病防治督导与评估体系的思考

随着我国艾滋病防治工作的持续深入,定期对艾滋病防治工作进行督导与评估越来越重要.但是,到目前为止,我国尚未建立国家综合协调的艾滋病防治督导与评估体系.通过对建立国家艾滋病防治督导评估体系的必要性、可行性及存在的问题进行分析,围绕如何构建一个统一、综合、有效的督导评估体系提出政策建议.     

基层艾滋病防治常态化的国际经验对我国的启示

目前我国艾滋病疫情形势依然严峻,艾滋病防治工作难度日益增大,面临着前所未有的挑战。除艾滋病本身的性质外,受艾滋病影响人群日益"特殊化"问题也日渐显露,成为制约我国艾滋病防治可持续发展的瓶颈。将艾滋病防治工作融入现行社会体制,是保障艾滋病防治工作可持续发展的关键,据此提出艾滋病防治工作的"常态化"概念以及基层艾滋病防治工作的常态化运行和管理机制。阐述了基层艾滋病防治工作常态化的意义,通过对国外基层艾滋病防治工作常态化成功经验的探讨,为完善我国基层艾滋病防治工作常态化体系提供借鉴。     

我国艾滋病防治研究中扎根理论应用的探讨

扎根理论作为一种科学的定性研究方法论,"理论抽样"和"持续比较"是其最基本的思想,产生研究问题、数据收集、数据处理和理论构建是其基本的流程,目前已被广泛应用于各个领域,具有广阔的适用前景。国外扎根理论应用于艾滋病研究的成果丰硕,而我国的类似研究则较少,尚处于理论探索阶段。我国的艾滋病防治研究虽已进入相对成熟期,但依然面临着理论研究缺乏和国外研究的冲击等问题,对扎根理论应用于我国艾滋病防治研究的应用价值和需要注意的问题进行探讨,以促进我国的艾滋病防治研究。     

论我国艾滋病防治工作中的政府职能

艾滋病是世界性的重大公共卫生问题和社会问题。近年来,我国艾滋病的流行呈现快速上升趋势,流行范围广,局部地区疫情相当严重,疫情正在从高危人群向一般人群传播。政府的组织领导是做好我国艾滋病防治工作的根本保证,各级政府要强化政府的公共卫生职责,发挥政府的主导作用,动员足够的防治资源和力量,引导社会各方面力量的广泛参与,打一场防治艾滋病的“人民战争”,我们一定能够控制艾滋病的流行。     

结核病防治中的人文关怀

结核病的防治不仅仅是公共卫生问题,更是一个社会问题。尽管在现阶段结核病防治中已体现了人文关怀的精神,在今后结核病防治中还需要进一步做到重视社会宣传教育,加强家庭督导作用,强化对流动人口中DOTS策略的实施,力争医疗保险参与防治减轻患者经济负担,研制新疫苗等,从而降低我国疫情,促进构建和谐社会。     

论我国艾滋病防治工作中的政府职能

艾滋病是世界性的重大公共卫生问题和社会问题.近年来,我国艾滋病的流行呈现快速上升趋势,流行范围广,局部地区疫情相当严重,疫情正在从高危人群向一般人群传播.政府的组织领导是做好我国艾滋病防治工作的根本保证,各级政府要强化政府的公共卫生职责,发挥政府的主导作用,动员足够的防治资源和力量,引导社会各方面力量的广泛参与,打一场防治艾滋病的"人民战争",我们一定能够控制艾滋病的流行.     

结核病防治中的人文关怀

结核病的防治不仅仅是公共卫生问题,更是一个社会问题.尽管在现阶段结核病防治中已体现了人文关怀的精神,在今后结核病防治中还需要进一步做到重视社会宣传教育,加强家庭督导作用,强化对流动人口中DOTS策略的实施,力争医疗保险参与防治减轻患者经济负担,研制新疫苗等,从而降低我国疫情,促进构建和谐社会.     

山西省艾滋病防治政策分析

阐述了艾滋病在山西省流行的现状,探讨了艾滋病引发的社会问题,分析了艾滋病防治条例、四免一关怀政策以及艾滋病自愿咨询与检测制度的执行情况以及在执行过程中所存在的主要问题,研究了山西省艾滋病防治工作相关基金的来源和使用情况,针对山西省在艾滋病防治工作中存在的问题,提出了艾滋病防治工作与社区工作相结合的建议。     

人权视野下的艾滋病问题研究

艾滋病是一种传播性疾病 ,但从传播途径上看艾滋病不同于偶然间 (casually)传播性疾病 ,适用于偶然间传播疾病的公共卫生策略和规范不应不恰当地应用于艾滋病的防治。艾滋病是一种“行为病” ,艾滋病防治应更多地关注“高危行为” ,而非“高危人群” ,对HIV感染者和病人的支持和干预应注重其行为改变。艾滋病存在“窗口期 (window period)” ,对艾滋病检测结果的评估必须考虑“窗口期”。艾滋病的平均潜伏期较长 ,HIV感染者仍可能长时间地成为社会的生产力。在现阶段 ,HIV感染者和艾滋病病人会面临巨大的心理、社会压力 ,对HIV感染者和…     

哮喘教育和管理工作中的一些新的启示与思考

简要叙述了目前哮喘防治中存在的问题,提出必须彻底转变哮喘防控模式,简单介绍了我们自己的哮喘教育和管理的具体做法及其效果,最后就哮喘的防控和管理提出一些值得思考的问题,包括建立和谐医患关系,减轻医疗经济负担,建立新型疾病防控模式和医疗服务体系等。     

广西部分人群艾滋病相关知识态度调查

通过对广西部分人群在预防艾滋病知识和对艾滋病人态度方面的情况调查,了解我区开展艾滋病健康教育的现状,探讨完善我区艾滋病预防宣传教育体系的途径;我区部分人群预防艾滋病知识知晓率高低不够均衡;我区艾滋病预防宣传教育收效明显,但有待完善。     

Meaningful involvement of people living with HIV/AIDS in Uganda through linkages between network groups and health facilities: an evaluation study

While community-based groups are able to provide vital support to people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV), their organizational and technical capacities are limited, and they frequently operate in isolation from PLHIV groups. We evaluated a three-year project implemented by the International HIV/AIDS Alliance in Uganda to increase the involvement of PLHIV in the HIV/AIDS response and to improve access to and utilization of prevention, treatment, care, and support services for households affected by HIV/AIDS. Information sources included project monitoring data, interviews with 113 key informants, and 17 focus group discussions in 11 districts. The evaluation found that PLHIV groups reached large numbers of people with education and awareness activities and made a growing number of referrals to health facilities and community-based services. The project trained individuals living openly with HIV as service providers in the community and at designated health facilities. Their presence helped to reduce the stigma that previously deterred PLHIV from seeking care and encouraged individuals to disclose their HIV status to spouses and family members. The project has put into practice the widely endorsed principles of greater and meaningful involvement of PLHIV in a systematic manner and on a large scale. A wide audience--ranging from grassroots PLHIV networks and AIDS service organizations to national-level non-governmental organizations, government agencies, and international organizations--can benefit from the lessons learned.     

Parental Monitoring and the Prevention of Child and Adolescent Problem Behavior: A Conceptual and Empirical Formulation

The present report accomplishes three goals. First, to provide an empirical rationale for placing parental monitoring of children's adaptations as a key construct in development and prevention research. Second, to stimulate more research on parental monitoring and provide an integrative framework for various research traditions as well as developmental periods of interest. Third, to discuss current methodological issues that are developmentally and culturally sensitive and based on sound measurement. Possible intervention and prevention strategies that specifically target parental monitoring are discussed.     

AIDS in Uganda as a gender issue

This qualitative evaluation is based on data gathered during field trips to Uganda between 1981 and 1988. The first part of the paper describes the official view on prevalence (in 1988 Uganda, with 5455 reported cases, had the third highest prevalence of AIDS in Africa with the disease transmitted largely through heterosexual relations), the official view on the disease origin (the index case of AIDS occurred in 1983 in Kasensero village in the Rakai district), and the official control efforts (acknowledgement and publication of the magnitude of the epidemic and a 5-year prevention and control program with educational, medical, and epidemiological measures). The second part of the paper discusses public perceptions towards AIDS and its victims and highlights beliefs that assign a supernatural etiology to AIDS, social discrimination of AIDS victims, the consequences of the disease on the family and on sexuality and nuptiality. The next section looks at the impact of AIDS on health seeking behavior and the delivery of health care and notes that the private health delivery system has probably contributed to the spread of AIDS because of the use of unsterilized instruments, that unscrupulous practitioners are claiming cures, and that some people avoid health facilities for fear of infection. The fourth topic considered is the risk of HIV transmission because of sexual harassment perpetrated against women. This is followed by an assessment of 1) the affect of AIDS on women's reproductive rights and the controversy about transmission of the virus in breast milk, 2) the situation faced by women in high-risk professions, and 3) the acceptability of the condom. The paper ends by summarizing the policy and research implications revealed by this qualitative study.     

四元生命管理之理念初探

只有从研究个体的先天体质入手,剖析个体生命特征,根据生命体自身的变化规律,预测生命各阶段将出现的各种问题,才能针对性地对个体生命的全过程进行全面地分析、评估、监测、预防、干预和维护。四元生命管理即为凸显个体独特性的、从测评先天体质入手、强调四元平衡互动的、对生命全过程进行的管理。     

心理健康素养：概念、评估、干预与作用

心理健康素养是促进心理健康的重要途径。狭义概念指帮助人们认识、处理和预防心理疾病的相关知识和信念; 广义概念指综合运用心理健康知识、技能和态度, 保持和促进心理健康的能力。心理健康素养常采用情景案例问卷、单维或多维评估量表等进行评估, 可以通过社会运动、学校教育、自助式应用程序、心理健康急救培训等方式进行有效干预提高, 其中心理健康知识、心理疾病识别、情绪调节、减少病耻感、积极的求助态度等成分都有促进心理健康的作用。未来研究可以在建构评估指标体系、探索作用机制、扩展涵盖群体与内容、加强实证干预研究等方面深入开展。     

Dual Strategies Applied to AIDS Prevention: Influence on Attitudes

This article approches the problem of organizing an effective AIDS prevention campaign through the establishing of a dual-strategies technique based on persuasive and behavioral stategies that integrate the research into commitment psychology. The dual-strategies technique was tested in an actual environment within the campaign for the prevention of AIDS involving 17 and 18 years old subjects. A Likert-type attitude scale was created to measure the results of the campaign. The experimental plan permitted the verification of the effects of this strategy on attitudes by the comparison between the various groups that were subjected to different strategies and the control group. As we expected, the pupils who were the object of these strategies showed more favorable attitudes towards AIDS prevention in the post experimental phase than those who were not (control condition).