拉萨宗座代牧区成立史实考述

19世纪中叶拉萨宗座代牧区的成立是近代西方天主教藏区传教活动的一个标志性事件。它前承17世纪以来天主教在藏区早期传教事业之余晖,后启此后一百余年传教活动的新局面。它的成立是以罗马教廷为首的各方积极协调的一个结果,使得西藏教务的管理权完成了由卡普清修会到巴黎外方传教会的转移,体现了新形势下天主教集团内部对西藏教务的关注和重视。     

清代禁教时期天主教传播方式的本土化

天主教在中国的本土化过程与其传播过程相始终,但清代禁教时期,在与西方传教会之间的联系纽带出现断裂的同时,中国天主教群体也获得了自主发展的空间,使得天主教本土化的特征更为突出:中国天主教徒自立堂口,建立基层教会组织进行自立性传教;宗教活动设施乡土化特征明显;宗教仪式充满神秘性;习教仪式民俗化色彩浓厚;传教士通过“造神”来维持信徒的崇拜;主动介入民众生活,关注民众现实需求,等等.     

论清代中叶巴黎外方传教会对四川天主教徒的管理和改造

清代中叶是四川天主教会发展的重要阶段.负责四川教务的巴黎外方传教会强调造就耶稣的忠实信徒,通过神父和会长对教徒进行双层监管,要求教徒遵守中国礼仪禁令,向教徒灌输宗教思想,并在一定程度上约束教徒的经济行为.这些措施一方面有利于坚定教徒的宗教信仰,增加教会的凝聚力和促进教会发展;另一方面其明显的保守和内敛特征实际上是意图割断教徒与教外群众的政治、文化和经济联系,从而造成民教分离.     

关于筹办中国天主教神哲学院的决议

为了宣扬耶稣基督福音,继承宗徒传教事业,适应中国圣教会的需要,培养传教司铎和神哲学专业人材,会议决定开办中国天主教神哲学院,并责成中国天主教教务委员会筹办。     

19世纪中叶巴黎外方传教会内部关于成立西藏传教会的分歧与结局

巴黎外方西藏传教会在藏区近现代涉外关系史上有着重要的影响。然而,从宗教传播的角度看,西藏传教会无疑是不成功的,因为其始终未能实现最初设定的"进驻拉萨、归化西藏"的传教目标。西藏传教会成立之初,巴黎外方传教会总会和罗马教皇"钦定"的西藏传教会筹建者——巴黎外方四川传教会主教马伯乐之间就进藏困难、路线、西藏教务归属等问题曾产生过巨大分歧并展开激烈的争论。二者的分歧和争论从某种意义上是教会内部上、下层之间矛盾的一种体现。揭示这段历史,不仅有助于厘清近代天主教藏区传教活动失败的原因,对我们从另外一个角度认识西方宗教在藏区的传播具有重要意义。     

中国天主教教区历史沿革及发展的回顾与反思

中国天主教教区始于14世纪初,存在70年之后中断。16世纪澳门教区设立,重续传教区建制。此后280年间,伴随着中国教会成长的脚步,先是主教区、代牧区并行,其后代牧区遍及全国并成为常设制度。1946年中国天主教重新开始实行圣统制,传教区制度得以完善,标志着中国教会走向成熟。在中国天主教发展史上,绝大部分教区长期受外籍修会、外籍传教士控制,国籍教区发展缓慢,国籍主教选任甚少,严重影响了中国教会的发展。     

巴黎外方传教会传教士罗勒拿藏区开教史实考

法国巴黎外方传教会传教士罗勒拿,巴黎外方西藏传教会的奠基者,于1847年8月从四川崇庆州出发进藏活动,至次年3月在察木多被捕,其后遭朝廷遣返交至广州法国驻华公使陆英。罗勒拿此次进藏活动是巴黎外方西藏传教会藏区开教之发端,一定程度上增进了西方对藏区的认识和了解,为天主教会后续的藏区传教活动提供了借鉴。擅入西藏之罗勒拿的被捕和遣返,表明了清政府禁止西方擅入内地、染指西藏的强硬外交立场。     

试论天主教传播布依族社会的部分原因

本文介绍天主教在黔西南等地(安龙教区)的传播概况,提出该教区的多数信徒是布依族,集中分布册亨、望漠、贞丰及镇宁等地。继而,文章着重剖析天主教得以传播的主要原因是:民族传教人员、尤其是卢廷美等人的积极努力,起到良好的开端;教会的政治庇护和经济资助,部分地改变教徒的地位,强烈的吸引力;广泛创办经言学校等,利用教育功能,培养及发展教徒。并揭示教会因此而受到的某些影响。     

雍乾禁教时期的华籍天主教神职人员

清代雍正、乾隆时期,朝廷禁传天主教,天主教在中国的生存状况发生重大变化,外籍传教士先是被逐,后是被杀,传教任务逐渐落到华籍神职人员身上。本文分析了此一时期内华籍神职人员的身份构成、活动地区分布,以及其传教方式和特点等,借以说明华籍神职人员为天主教在中国的传播发挥了较前期更大的作用,推进了天主教在中国的本地化进程。     

明末在华传教士金尼阁墓志考

传教士金尼阁在明末天主教对华传教史上具有重要地位。但教会档案与其中文墓志所载事迹颇有出入，以至学术界有人将其作法国人，又有人将其作比利时人。关于金尼阁卒年中外文资料的差异更使中国研究天主教史权威方豪教授也为之存疑。本文就金尼阁的身世，包括国籍、首次来华时间、主要事迹以及卒年进行了考析。旨在弥补金尼阁研究之空白，也希望对明清之际天主教在华传教史的某些时间问题提出富启发性的看法     

The patient in the family and the family in the patient

The notion that the family is “the unit of care” for family doctors has been enigmatic and controversial. Yet systems theory and the biopsychosocial model that results when it is imported into medicine make the family system an indispensable and important component of family medicine. The challenge, therefore, is to provide a coherent, plausible account of the role of the family in family practice. Through an extended case presentation and commentary, we elaborate two views of the family in family medicine — treating the patient in the family and treating the family in the patient — and defend both as appropriate foci for care by family doctors. The practical problem that arises when the family is introduced into health care is deciding when to concentrate on the family system. The moral problems that arise concern how extensively doctors may become involved in the personal lives of their patients and families. The patient-centered clinical method provides a strategy for handling both problems. Thus, making the family a focus of care in family medicine can be justified on theoretical, practical, and moral grounds.     

Information in the Universe and in the Organism

There is a branch of modern medicine that relies on information rather than on biochemical substances to maintain health and cure disease. Known as information medicine, it offers an important complement to the dominant biochemical approach of mainstream medicine. This note offers a few reflections on the potentials of information medicine in reference to what is currently known regarding the role of information in the universe, and in the living organism.     

Omnipotence in the transference and in the countertransference

The concept of omnipotence refers to a primitive fantasy, a mechanism of defense, and a pathological psychic structure. Omnipotence and its derivative defensive operation, omnipotent control, are highly prevalent in borderline personality organization. Three clinical vignettes illustrate these mechanisms in the treatment of patients with borderline, narcissistic, and obsessive personality disorders, respectively. These vignettes illustrate the transference developments when omnipotence and omnipotence control are dominant, and the therapeutic approach to these conditions.     

Disequilibrium in the mind,disharmony in the body

Although it is generally acknowledged that experiences of frustration, confusion, and anxiety are embodied phenomena, very little is known about how these processes modulate presumably unconscious, but constantly present, subtle bodily movement. We addressed this problem by tracking the low-level dynamics of body movement, using 1/f noise, pink noise, or “fractal scaling”, during naturalistic experiences of affect in two studies involving deep learning and effortful problem-solving. Our results indicate that body movement fluctuations of individuals experiencing cognitive equilibrium was characteristic of correlated pink noise, but there was a whitening of the signal when participants experienced states that are diagnostic of cognitive distress such as anxiety, confusion, and frustration. We orient our findings within theories that emphasise the embodied nature of cognition and affect and with perspectives that view affective and cognitive processes as emergent products of a self-organising dynamical system (the brain) that is inextricably coupled to the body.     

明代伏牛山佛教派系考

历史上对伏牛山地区的佛教记载较散,资料较详的是在明代。当时来山修行的僧人很多,但是到现在为止还没有人对伏牛山的佛教进行过研究,笔者根据掌握的禅宗史料提出这时伏牛山佛教已经有了明显的禅宗派系特征,在这里传教修行的僧人,主要是元代禅宗断桥伦一支的浙江天目山高峰原妙及其弟子中峰明本一系,其中受四川禅宗无际明悟禅师一派的影响很大,早期来山的僧人大多数都是无际明悟的弟子与后人,可以说成立了无际伏牛山禅派一系。     

Disequilibrium in the mind, disharmony in the body

Although it is generally acknowledged that experiences of frustration, confusion, and anxiety are embodied phenomena, very little is known about how these processes modulate presumably unconscious, but constantly present, subtle bodily movement. We addressed this problem by tracking the low-level dynamics of body movement, using 1/f noise, pink noise, or "fractal scaling", during naturalistic experiences of affect in two studies involving deep learning and effortful problem-solving. Our results indicate that body movement fluctuations of individuals experiencing cognitive equilibrium was characteristic of correlated pink noise, but there was a whitening of the signal when participants experienced states that are diagnostic of cognitive distress such as anxiety, confusion, and frustration. We orient our findings within theories that emphasise the embodied nature of cognition and affect and with perspectives that view affective and cognitive processes as emergent products of a self-organising dynamical system (the brain) that is inextricably coupled to the body.     

孕育中的旅游伦理学--近年来西方国家旅游伦理研究述评

旅行和旅游是一项历史悠久的人类活动,旅游活动中的伦理问题的存在也和旅游发展的历史一样久远.二战以后,"大众旅游"经过半个多世纪的高速发展,对自然环境和社会文化的负面影响已经凸显出来,因此,旅游研究便开始关注旅游发展伦理问题;与此同时,应用伦理学研究也开始从不同的角度关注旅游发展这一新领域.