家庭支持对缓解乳腺癌患者心理压力的作用

本文分析了心理压力对乳腺癌患者的康复和生活质量产生的不利影响,指出家庭是与患者生存联系最为紧密的环境,家庭支持对缓解患者心理压力发挥了巨大作用;深入挖掘家庭支持与心理压力二者的关系,详细阐述了家庭支持用以缓解患者心理压力的三种形式,即情感支持、信息支持、行为支持;最后针对目前家庭支持仍存在患者满意度不高、家庭支持水平随时间而降低等主要问题,提出克服家庭支持的缺陷,提高家庭成员支持能力的合理化建议,即提高患者配偶和女性家属的支持能力、建立长期的家庭支持计划等.     

重视终末期肾病患者的心理治疗

心理治疗在终末期肾病(ESRD)治疗中的作用非常重要,不但可缓解患者的心理压力,还可改善患者的生理障碍、减少并发症,因此重视对ESRD患者的心理治疗,可使患者保持良好的生理、心理状态,并能提高患者的生活质量,改善预后。     

重视终末期肾病患者的心理治疗

心理治疗在终末期肾病(ESRD)治疗中的作用非常重要,不但可缓解患者的心理压力,还可改善患者的生理障碍、减少并发症,因此重视对ESRD患者的心理治疗,可使患者保持良好的生理、心理状态,并能提高患者的生活质量,改善预后.     

乳腺外科医生的职业素质培养

健康的职业人格是医生综合素质的核心部分.乳腺外科医生面对有着独特心态的众多乳腺癌患者,更应重视患者的感受,保护好患者的隐私,采用恰当的沟通技巧疏通并缓解其心理压力,在延长生命的同时关注其生活质量.     

幼儿心理压力的现状及与行为问题、家庭生态环境之间的关系

本文考察了幼儿心理压力的现状,并对性别、年龄和入托性质等影响因素做了检验与分析,此外还进行了幼儿心理压力与行为问题及家庭生态环境之间的相关研究。结果发现,68.9%幼儿存在一定程度的心理压力,其中压力较大的孩子约占10%;幼儿的心理压力与性别无关,但与年龄、入托性质等因素有关,大班比小班、全托比日托的孩子的心理压力大;幼儿心理压力与行为问题尤其是违纪行为存在一定的关系,与家庭生态环境的诸因素之间也都存在一定的关系。     

白血病患者诊治中的医患矛盾与人文关怀：

白血病患者是一个特殊的群体,承受着巨大的身体痛苦、心理压力和经济负担,本文从三个层面对白血病患者诊治中的医患矛盾加以认识,探讨人文关怀在白血病患者诊治中的体现,注重提高医生的人文素质和沟通技巧,创造和谐的医患关系。     

理工科大学生心理压力的调查研究

本研究探讨理工科大学生心理压力的大小.研究包括两个实验.实验1探讨理工科大学生心理压力源、压力影响因素的构成.实验2进一步探讨了理工科大学生心理压力源、压力影响因素的权重大小,得到了不同样本理工科大学生心理压力的大小.     

弱智儿童家长的心理压力及相关因素研究

对200名弱智儿童家长的心理压力及相关因素进行研究,总的来说,弱智儿童的父、母亲之间在心理压力方面没有明显的差异;不同年级儿童的家长在心理压力方面存在明显差异。家长的心理压力与其对事件的应付方式、生活质量以及弱智儿童的行为表现之间有密切关系。     

酒店员工心理压力及影响因素研究

采用自编问卷等测评工具对杭州市两个高星级酒店270名员工进行酒店员工心理压力及影响因素的调查研究。结果表明:(1)酒店员工的年龄变量对心理压力的影响主效应十分显著,总体呈年龄段越低,心理压力越大的趋势。学历与年龄的交互作用对心理压力的影响显著,小学学历的员工高龄段的比低龄段的心理压力更为高些,与其余几个文化段的员工呈不同的趋势。(2)酒店员工的压力反应与其工作属性、职业态度、负性生活事件、社会支持、特质应对方式等因素呈显著相关。员工的消极应对方式和职业态度是影响心理压力的最主要因素。     

扩招时期研究生心理压力现状及其相关影响因素

文章采用研究生心理压力问卷对334名在读研究生进行调查和测试,研究扩招时期研究生心理压力现状及其相关影响因素。结果发现,研究生心理压力主要来自学业、就业、经济、爱情婚姻、人际关系、身心健康、成就需要等七个方面;研究生心理压力主要受专业、家庭教养方式、家庭经济状况、学校类型、学校所在地的生活方式和生活节奏以及学校所在地的气候等客观条件的影响。     

Depressed and Anxious COPD Patients: Predictors of Psychotherapy Engagement from a Clinical Trial

This study examined patient-level factors associated with engagement in mental health treatment in a sample of medically ill patients with clinically significant symptoms of depression and/or anxiety. A total of 248 patients was enlisted from a randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression and anxiety in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Logistic regression analysis was used to predict mental health engagement, defined as attending at least one intervention session. Results indicated that patient-perceived mastery over COPD was negatively related to mental health engagement. Further, mastery was the only significant predictor of mental health engagement after controlling for patient demographic characteristics, severity of COPD, depression, and anxiety. To improve engagement for medically ill patients with comorbid mental health difficulties, clinicians should explore patients’ attitudes about their mental health within the context of their perceived ability to cope with their medical disease.     

Online mental health treatment: concerns and considerations.

Concerns and considerations have emerged as mental health professionals contemplate the provision of mental health treatment over the Internet. This paper identifies perceptions of online mental health treatment among a national sample of 2,098 social workers, psychologists, and other professionals. These professionals were unlikely to provide online mental health treatment, although some used the Internet as an adjunct to clinical practice. They noted specific concerns related to the provision of mental health treatment online, including confidentiality of client information and liability issues. We explore these issues and discuss implications for professionals who provide mental health treatment.     

Education and Mental Health: New Directions for Interaction

Traditionally, mental health workers (psychiatrists, psychologists, and social workers) provide diagnostic evaluations and individual or group psychotherapeutic or casework treatment. With the advent of the community mental health movement, a new role model, that of “mental health consultant,” has emerged. This paper outlines the functions of the “mental health consultant” in the Job Corps program as a way of highlighting the functions of the mental health professional working in this new way. Educational, training, and work programs may be enriched by mental health consultation, and the new directions for interaction between education and mental health are described in this paper.     

Informed consent in mental health treatment: A sociological perspective

The rise in the mental health movement coincides with a decline in prestige and importance of criminal law. While this may, in part, reflect the greater effectiveness of mental health treatment in dealing with overlapping problems, it also reflects certain problems that criminal law has with the individualistic values of modern society and the value-attractiveness of the mental health professions' commitment to helping the individual. However, many of the same value problems inherent in criminal punishment also apply to some aspects of mental health treatment, especially the paternalism of the doctor-patient relationship and involuntary treatment. Informed consent can be seen as a response to these value conflicts as well as part of the general extension of citizenship rights to the less privileged members of the society. This paper analyzes some of the conflicts inherent in the application of informed consent to mental health treatment from the above perspective.     

心理预防概念的更新及其对实践的指导意义

继Caplan的“公共卫生预防模型”之后,Gordon提出另一个综合性预防模型;美国国家科学院医学研究所绘制了“心理健康干预光谱”; 美国国家研究所和国家科学院医学院则进一步将“心理健康促进”正式纳入心理预防概念。“心理健康促进”是针对消极被动的传统预防而提出的积极主动的预防。心理预防概念的发展与更新,特别是将“心理健康促进”纳入心理预防体系,要求树立预防的全局观念,提高预防的针对性,将消极心理预防与积极心理健康促进结合起来。     

Epidemiologie psychischer Störungen

The discipline of epidemiology not only contributes to knowledge regarding the distribution and prevalence of mental disorders but also to a better understanding of their causes and consequences. This article focuses on the prevalence and disease burden. Epidemiological studies show that mental disorders are more common than previously thought and that they are associated with a particularly high societal burden. Costs of illness are higher in mental disorders compared to many widespread somatic conditions because of their high prevalence, chronic course, young age of first onset and the profile of disability. The extent of inability to work due to mental disorders is rising steadily although a general decline in absenteeism has been observed across other disease types. This raises the question of whether mental disorders have increased recently. Furthermore, the general need for treatment is discussed as well as the corresponding mental health care options. Finally, it has been found that, despite the quantitatively relatively well-developed health care system in Germany, there are still signs of a significant undertreatment in the field of psychotherapy.     

Mental balance and well-being: building bridges between Buddhism and Western psychology

Clinical psychology has focused primarily on the diagnosis and treatment of mental disease, and only recently has scientific attention turned to understanding and cultivating positive mental health. The Buddhist tradition, on the other hand, has focused for over 2,500 years on cultivating exceptional states of mental well-being as well as identifying and treating psychological problems. This article attempts to draw on centuries of Buddhist experiential and theoretical inquiry as well as current Western experimental research to highlight specific themes that are particularly relevant to exploring the nature of mental health. Specifically, the authors discuss the nature of mental well-being and then present an innovative model of how to attain such well-being through the cultivation of four types of mental balance: conative, attentional, cognitive, and affective.     

Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie bei schizophrenen Psychosen

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can be regarded as an established intervention for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia. Based on randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses, which found evidence for the efficacy of CBT, almost all evidence-based treatment guidelines recommend CBT for routine treatment. This paper demonstrates that in psychoses CBT is a disorder-specific adaptation of general principles of CBT for the treatment of patients suffering from schizophrenia. The CBT procedure draws on cognitive models of symptoms for the identification of treatment targets and focuses on everyday problems of patients by implementing a self-management approach. Fostering motivation and the application of behavioral and cognitive treatment strategies characterize this approach. If the patients live in a family, other family members should be involved in order to improve crisis management and problem solving within the family. A major challenge for the future is to improve the availability of CBT under the German conditions of routine mental health care.     

Treatment outcomes for female offenders: relationship to number of Axis I diagnoses

This article describes a study that examined the relationship between multiple Axis I mental health diagnoses and treatment outcomes for female offenders in prison substance abuse treatment programs. Preliminary findings of the effectiveness of therapeutic community (TC) treatment, modified for female offenders, relative to a control cognitive behavioral treatment condition, are presented. The hypothesis--that participants who fit into multiple diagnostic categories have more dysfunctional symptoms and behaviors at baseline--was confirmed; however, a hypothesized relationship between the number of Axis I diagnoses and 6 month treatment outcomes across five domains (mental health, trauma exposure, substance use, HIV needle risk behaviors, and HIV sexual risk) was not supported. Across all Axis I mental health groups, TC treatment was significantly more effective than the control condition overall, as well as on measures of mental health symptoms and HIV sexual risk. These findings suggest that this TC treatment program, as modified, is an effective model for women with varied diagnoses and diagnostic complexities.     

Mothers’ Mental Health Treatment Associated with Greater Adolescent Mental Health Service Use for Depression

Despite concerns surrounding depression in adolescence and the existence of effective treatments, adolescent depression often goes untreated. In 2014, only 41.2% of adolescents experiencing a major depressive episode (MDE) received mental health treatment. Parents play a key role in adolescents’ treatment utilization. We examined whether among mothers with any mental illness, mothers’ utilization of mental health treatment was associated with greater likelihood of their adolescent children who experienced an MDE receiving mental health treatment. Using nationally representative data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2008–2014), we performed logistic regression analysis to model the odds of adolescents (aged 12 to 17 years) with a past year MDE receiving any mental health treatment in the past year as a function of their mothers’ mental health treatment utilization in the past year, adjusting for control variables. The rate of adolescent treatment utilization was 66% when mothers had utilized treatment, as compared to 45% when mothers did not utilize treatment (p?<?0.001). The odds of an adolescent with an MDE receiving mental health treatment were two times greater when the mother received mental health treatment as compared to adolescents whose mothers did not receive any mental health treatment (OR?=?2.09, 95% CI [1.04, 4.17]). There was no effect of adolescent gender (OR?=?1.15, 95% CI [0.40, 3.28]) or interaction between gender and mothers’ treatment (OR?=?0.95, 95% CI [0.26, 3.46]). Barriers to adolescent mental health treatment may be lower when mothers receive mental health treatment.