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1.
Sontag LM Graber JA Brooks-Gunn J Warren MP 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2008,36(8):1159-1174
This study investigated the impact of social stress on symptoms of psychopathology at the entry into adolescence (111 girls,
Mage = 11.84, SD = 0.77). We examined whether peer stress and pubertal timing were associated with internalizing distress
and aggression, and whether responses to stress and cortisol reactivity mediated or moderated these associations. Cortisol
samples were collected from saliva samples during in-home visits, and the YSR was used to assess psychopathology. Interestingly,
pubertal timing demonstrated a trend association with cortisol. Responses to stress mediated the association between social
stress and symptoms of internalizing distress and aggression. Specifically, early maturers and girls with higher levels of
peer stress exhibited more problematic responses to stress, in turn demonstrating higher levels of internalizing distress
and aggression. Significant moderation effects also emerged. For example, early maturers who experienced higher levels of
emotional/cognitive numbing in response to peer stress were at greater risk for aggression. Findings identify coping strategies
that may be used in evidence-based programming to help girls transition more successfully into adolescence will be discussed.
相似文献
Lisa M. SontagEmail: |
2.
Paul J. Silvia Ann G. Phillips Miriam K. Baumgaertner Emily L. Maschauer 《Motivation and emotion》2006,30(3):225-231
Many experiments have found that emotional experience affects self-focused attention. Several approaches to cognition and
emotion predict that conscious emotional experience may be unnecessary for this effect. To test this hypothesis, two experiments
primed emotion concepts without affecting emotional experience. In Experiment 1, subliminal exposure to sad faces (relative
to happy faces and neutral faces) increased self-focused attention but not subjectively experienced affect. In Experiment
2, a scrambled-sentences task that primed happy and sad emotion concepts increased self-focused attention relative to a neutral
task. Thus, simply activating knowledge about emotions was sufficient to increase self-focused attention. The discussion considers
implications for research on how emotional states affect self-awareness.
相似文献
Paul J. SilviaEmail: |
3.
Rolf Loeber Dustin A. Pardini Alison Hipwell Magda Stouthamer-Loeber Kate Keenan Mark A. Sembower 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(6):777-791
Relatively little is known about the factor structure of disruptive behavior among preadolescent girls. The present study
reports on exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of disruptive girl behavior over four successive data waves as rated
by parents and teachers in a large, representative community sample of girls (N = 2,451). Five factors were identified from parent ratings (oppositional behavior/conduct problems, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity,
relational aggression, and callous-unemotional behaviors), and four factors were identified derived from teacher ratings (oppositional
behavior/conduct problems/callous-unemotional behaviors, inattention, hyperactivityimpulsivity, and relational aggression).
There was a high degree of consistency of items loading on equivalent factors across parent and teacher ratings. Year-to-year
stability of factors between ages five and 12 was high for parent ratings (ICC = 0.70 to 0.88), and slightly lower for teacher
ratings (ICC = 0.56 to 0.83). These findings are discussed in terms of possible adjustment to the criteria for children's
disruptive behavior disorders found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders.
相似文献
Rolf Loeber (Corresponding author)Email: |
Dustin A. PardiniEmail: |
Alison HipwellEmail: |
Magda Stouthamer-LoeberEmail: |
Kate KeenanEmail: |
Mark A. SembowerEmail: |
4.
The current study examined whether proactive and reactive aggression were associated with the risk for initiation of substance
use from fourth to ninth grade in a sample of 126 aggressive children (66% male). In addition, the study examined whether
these functions of aggression increased risk for initiation via peer delinquency and peer rejection. Proactive aggression
was marginally significantly directly associated with risk for initiation of alcohol use and indirectly associated with risk
for initiation of marijuana and tobacco use through peer delinquency. Reactive aggression was associated with increased risk
for initiation of tobacco and marijuana use through a complex chain that included both peer rejection and peer delinquency.
However, high levels of reactive aggression that did not lead to peer rejection were negatively associated with risk for initiation
of tobacco and marijuana use. Implications for intervention are discussed.
相似文献
Paula J. FiteEmail: Email: |
5.
In this introduction we discuss the motivation behind the workshop “Towards a New Epistemology of Mathematics” of which this
special issue constitutes the proceedings. We elaborate on historical and empirical aspects of the desired new epistemology,
connect it to the public image of mathematics, and give a summary and an introduction to the contributions to this issue.
相似文献
Bernd BuldtEmail: |
Benedikt L?we (Corresponding author)Email: |
Thomas MüllerEmail: |
6.
Thomas H. Ollendick Matthew A. Jarrett Jennifer C Wolff Angela Scarpa 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2009,31(1):51-59
The current study examined cross-informant agreement and clinical utility of parent and teacher ratings of reactive and proactive
aggression (two functions of aggression) in the prediction of aggressive and rule-breaking behavior (two forms of aggressive
behavior) in a clinically-heterogeneous referred sample. Reactive and proactive measures were significantly related to one
another within informant. Furthermore, the reactive and proactive measures of aggression were significantly related across
informants and resulted in differential predictions of emotion-focused aggressive and goal-directed rule-breaking behaviors
in home and school settings. Both reactive and proactive functions of aggression predicted aggressive acts that were more
emotion-focused, whereas only the proactive function of aggression predicted instrumental acts of aggression. The current
findings suggest that setting-specific reports of functions and forms of aggressive behavior are valuable and that it may
be premature to abandon the reactive and proactive aggression distinction.
相似文献
Thomas H. OllendickEmail: |
7.
Graduate employment status and health: a longitudinal analysis of the transition from student 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The prevalence of unemployment and underemployment was explored longitudinally in 248 recent graduates (73 males and 175 females)
over an 18–24 month transition from final year student to 9–12 months post-graduation. Over this period changes in levels
of psychological distress, health behaviours, social support, optimism and achievement motivation were measured. Results show
that both unemployment and underemployment have deleterious effects on psychological and physical health, social support,
optimism and achievement motivation.
相似文献
Tony CassidyEmail: |
8.
Roberto Poli 《Axiomathes》2007,17(1):1-18
The thesis is defended that the theories of causation, time and space, and levels of reality are mutually interrelated in
such a way that the difficulties internal to theories of causation and to theories of space and time can be understood better,
and perhaps dealt with, in the categorial context furnished by the theory of the levels of reality. The structural condition
for this development to be possible is that the first two theories be opportunely generalized.
相似文献
Roberto PoliEmail: |
9.
Jesse Ramon Steinberg 《Sophia》2008,47(2):193-199
In this paper I discuss a number of problems associated with the suggestion that it is possible for God to randomly select
a possible world for actualization.
相似文献
Jesse Ramon SteinbergEmail: |
10.
Dr. med. Dipl.-Soz. Alf Gerlach 《Forum der Psychoanalyse》2004,20(1):7-12
11.
In this paper we discuss visualizations in mathematics from a historical and didactical perspective. We consider historical
debates from the 17th and 19th centuries regarding the role of intuition and visualizations in mathematics. We also consider
the problem of what a visualization in mathematical learning can achieve. In an empirical study we investigate what mathematical
conclusions university students made on the basis of a visualization. We emphasize that a visualization in mathematics should
always be considered in its proper context.
相似文献
Kajsa Br?ting (Corresponding author)Email: |
Johanna PejlareEmail: |
12.
13.
Mark R. McMinn Sarah P. Kerrick Susan J. Duma Emma R. Campbell Jane B. Jung 《Pastoral Psychology》2008,56(4):445-457
Clergy spouses experience various life stressors, yet many cope and function effectively in the midst of their daily challenges.
Mental health professionals were asked to identify wives of male clergy who exemplify emotional and spiritual health. Nominees
were contacted and interviews conducted with 25 women. Each interviewee was asked about coping with normal life stressors,
stressors associated with being married to a minister, and catastrophic life events. All interviews were transcribed and coded,
using grounded theory. Participants emphasized the importance of spirituality, social support, limit-setting, and healthy
lifestyle choices. Implications are discussed.
相似文献
Mark R. McMinnEmail: |
14.
Michael Drieschner 《Journal for General Philosophy of Science》2008,39(1):1-16
15.
It is generally agreed upon that Grice’s causal theory of perception describes a necessary condition for perception. It does
not describe sufficient conditions, however, since there are entities in causal chains that we do not perceive and not all
causal chains yield perceptions. One strategy for overcoming these problems is that of strengthening the notion of causality
(as done by David Lewis). Another is that of specifying the criteria according to which perceptual experiences should match
the way the world is (Frank Jackson and Michael Tye). Finally, one can also try to provide sufficient conditions by elaborating
on the content of perceptual experiences (Alva N?e). These different strategies are considered in this paper, with the conclusion
that none of them is successful. However, a careful examination of their problems points towards the general solution that
we outline at the end.
相似文献
Valtteri Arstila (Corresponding author)Email: |
Kalle PihlainenEmail: |
16.
Elizabeth A. Yeater Richard J. Viken Richard M. McFall Lindsey R. Wagner 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2006,28(4):232-241
Two hundred and eleven undergraduate men and women were assigned to different instructional set conditions and asked to rate (1) the sexual risk depicted in a set of written items describing problem situations undergraduate women might face when dating or interacting socially with men, and (2) the effectiveness of responses to these situations, described by a set of response codes. Results revealed that sexual attitudes and instructional set were the strongest predictors of both ratings. Gender did, however, predict risk ratings for stranger and authority figure situations, with women rating these situations as more risky than men. In addition, women assigned to the risk instructional set condition rated refusal responses as more effective in decreasing risk than did men in the same condition. In contrast, women assigned to the popularity instructional set condition rated the same refusal responses as less effective in increasing popularity than did men in that condition.
相似文献
Elizabeth A. YeaterEmail: |
17.
This is a critical discussion of a paper on the problem of bootstrapping by Jose Zalabardo.
相似文献
Anthony BruecknerEmail: |
18.
Two focal social cognitive processes were evaluated in a structural model for their direct and indirect roles in early adolescents’
jealousy surrounding their closest friend in a sample of 325 early adolescents (169 girls and 156 boys) ages 11–14 years.
Individuals who are rigid and unrealistic about meeting their friendship needs were more vulnerable to feelings of jealousy
than individuals who think more flexibly. Inflexible individuals also engage in more jealousy-driven surveillance and other
problem behavior towards their friends. Stronger jealous feelings and behavior were related, in turn, to greater conflict
with friends and to a vulnerability to emotional maladjustment. In addition, young adolescents who tended to ruminate over
friendship problems were also more vulnerable to jealousy. Inflexible attitudes and friendship rumination were positively
associated. Results extend recent models of friendship jealousy that focus only on early adolescents’ self-worth.
相似文献
Jeffrey G. ParkerEmail: |
19.
Causal Thinking After a Tsunami Wave: Karma Beliefs,Pessimistic Explanatory Style and Health Among Sri Lankan Survivors 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In 2004, one of the largest earthquakes ever recorded led to a tsunami devastating two-thirds of the Sri Lankan coastline.
We examined whether certain causal beliefs (attributional style and karma, a Buddhist concept used to explain bad events)
are associated with tsunami survivors experiencing PTSD and poor health about six months later. Previous studies of causal
beliefs associated with illness following the same traumatic event have focused on Western countries and none have considered
the role of karma. We interviewed 264 Sri Lankan tsunami survivors. As predicted, we found that belief in karma and a pessimistic
explanatory style are independently associated with poor health and a pessimistic explanatory style is associated with PTSD,
after adjusting for relevant factors. Thus, both universal and more culturally specific beliefs may contribute to coping following
a natural disaster.
相似文献
Becca R. LevyEmail: |
20.
Spirituality and the Health of College Students 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Linda Wyatt Nelms Edwin Hutchins Dorothy Hutchins Robert J. Pursley 《Journal of religion and health》2007,46(2):249-265
Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between spirituality and health risks of college students.
Methods Undergraduate students enrolled in Personal Health and Wellness classes at The University of Tennessee were selected to participate
in the study. Two-hundred twenty-one students were administered two instruments: The College Student Appraisal of Risks Survey
(The CARS) and the Spirituality Scale (SS).
Results Significant relationships between self-reported levels of spirituality and the health of college students were indicated during
the study.
Conclusions College students integrating a spiritual component while processing decisions about risks that could negatively affect their
health experienced better health outcomes. The significance of the study is that this research is an important step toward
understanding the role that spirituality plays in the various dimensions of health in young adults.
相似文献
Linda Wyatt NelmsEmail: |