孤独感对青少年问题性移动社交网络使用的影响：人际困扰和积极自我呈现的作用

摘 要：为探讨孤独感与青少年问题性移动社交网络使用的关系,以及人际困扰和积极自我呈现在孤独感与问题性移动社交网络使用行为间的作用机制。采用孤独感量表、人际关系综合诊断量表、社交网站自我呈现量表和青少年问题性移动社交网络使用行为评估问卷,按照年级整群分层取样方式选取2872名青少年为研究对象,采用SPSS18.0、Amos以及偏差校对非参数百分位Bootstrap置信区间法进行统计分析。结果发现,孤独感、人际困扰、积极自我呈现和问题性移动社交网络使用两两间均存在显著正向相关,孤独感、人际困扰和积极自我呈现对问题性移动社交网络使用行为均具有显著正向预测作用,人际困扰和积极自我呈现在孤独感与问题性移动社交网络使用关系间分别起中介作用,同时孤独感对问题性移动社交网络使用的影响通过人际困扰→积极自我呈现的链式关系发生作用。     

青少年问题性社交网络使用

青少年问题性社交网络使用是世界范围内受到普遍关注的问题。问题性社交网络使用常被称作“社交网络成瘾”、“病理性社交网络使用”或“社交网络过度使用”, 概念和界定标准还没有达成一致看法。青少年合理的社交网络使用对促进社交关系的建立、维持和发展有积极意义, 但问题性社交网络使用却对青少年的身心发展产生消极影响。对青少年问题性社交网络使用发生机制的探讨, 将为问题性社交网络的干预引导提供依据。未来的研究应对问题性社交网络使用的概念和界定标准进行澄清, 用多维视角的方法开展问题性社交网络使用发生机制的深入研究, 加强对问题性社交网络使用的理论建构和干预研究。     

青少年的人格特征与互联网社交服务使用偏好的关系

“互联网社交”快速兴起,网络社交已经成为一种人际交往方式,相当多的互联网用户在使用互联网社交服务,青少年也是这种服务的热心使用者。澄清青少年使用互联网社交服务过程中的一些基本现象,有益于教育者有重点地引导青少年的网上社交行为,对互联网社交服务的使用能够趋其利,避其害。该研究使用问卷法调查了339名青少年的外向性、神经质、社会支持和社交焦虑与互联网社交服务的使用之间的关系。研究发现（１）青少年在互联网社交服务使用偏好上存在着显著的性别和年级差异;（２）外向性、神经质对互联网社交服务的使用偏好有直接而显著的正向预测作用;（３）外向性通过社会支持间接地预测互联网社交服务的使用偏好;（４）外向性对社交焦虑有负向预测作用,并通过社交焦虑预测互联网社交服务的使用偏好;（５）神经质通过社交焦虑间接地预测互联网社交服务的使用偏好。     

神经质人格对青少年移动社交网络过度使用的影响:冲动性与人际困扰的双重中介

基于智能手机的移动社交网络使用已经成为青少年学习和生活的重要组成部分。为探讨神经质、冲动性和人际困扰与移动社交网络过度使用的关系,采用问卷法对2056名中学生和大学生进行调查。研究使用偏差校对非参数百分位Bootstrap置信区间法,采用PROCESS插件进行多重中介效应分析。结果发现:(1)神经质、冲动性和人际困扰与移动社交网络过度使用存在显著正向相关,神经质、冲动性和人际困扰之间存在显著的正向相关;(2)神经质、冲动性和人际困扰对移动社交网络过度使用具有积极的预测作用;(3)神经质可以分别通过冲动性、人际困扰,以及冲动性→人际困扰三条间接路径对移动社交网络过度使用产生中介效应。     

移动社交媒介使用行为对青少年友谊质量的影响:网络自我表露和网络社会支持的中介作用

随着移动智能设备和移动互联网的出现,移动社交媒介已日益成为人们网络活动和人际交往的新平台。为考察移动社交媒介使用行为、网络自我表露、网络社会支持和友谊质量之间的关系,本研究采用问卷法对473名青少年进行了调查。结果发现:(1)移动社交媒介使用行为会对网络自我表露和网络社会支持产生显著的直接正向影响,网络自我表露会对网络社会支持产生显著的直接正向影响,网络社会支持会对友谊质量产生显著的直接正向影响。(2)移动社交媒介使用行为可以通过网络社会支持的中介作用对友谊质量产生显著的间接影响,还可以通过网络自我表露和网络社会支持的链式中介作用对友谊质量产生显著的间接影响。     

青少年移动社交媒介使用与其友谊质量的关系

以560名青少年为研究对象,考察青少年移动社交媒介的使用与友谊质量之间的关系。结果发现:(1)移动社交媒介的使用行为与青少年友谊质量间存在着显著的正相关,并且使用行为可以正向预测友谊质量。自然分组的结果也发现,使用移动社交媒介组青少年的友谊质量显著高于不使用组。(2)移动社交媒介的使用对男青少年友谊质量的影响要显著大于女青少年,即性别在青少年移动社交媒介使用与友谊质量之间起着调节作用。(3)社交焦虑在青少年移动社交媒介使用与友谊质量之间的调节作用不显著。     

移动社交媒介过度使用对青少年孤独感、焦虑和睡眠质量的影响

采用问卷法对600名青少年进行问卷调查,探讨移动社交媒介的过度使用对青少年睡眠质量的影响,考察孤独感和焦虑在其中所起的作用。结果发现:睡眠质量与移动社交媒介过度使用、孤独感、焦虑三个变量存在显著的负相关,过度使用、孤独感、焦虑三个变量相互间存在显著正相关;结构方程模型分析显示,孤独感和焦虑在移动社交媒介过度使用对睡眠质量的影响中起多重中介作用,移动社交媒介过度使用对青少年睡眠质量的直接效应不显著,移动社交媒介过度使用通过孤独感和焦虑间接影响青少年的睡眠质量,还通过孤独感-焦虑中介链对睡眠质量产生间接效应。移动社交媒介的过度使用会使青少年感觉更加的孤独和焦虑,从而对青少年的睡眠质量产生消极影响。     

移动社交媒介过度使用对青少年抑郁的影响:睡眠质量的中介作用

以590名青少年为被试进行问卷调查,探讨移动社交媒介过度使用会对青少年的抑郁产生怎样的影响,同时考察睡眠质量和焦虑在其中所起的作用。结果发现:移动社交媒介过度使用与抑郁和睡眠质量三个变量两两之间显著正相关;移动社交媒介过度使用不会对青少年的抑郁产生显著的直接影响,但是过度使用会通过睡眠质量间接影响青少年的抑郁。移动社交媒介的过度使用会使青少年睡眠质量变差,从而使青少年抑郁的风险增加。     

青少年外向／宜人性人格、互联网服务偏好与“网络成瘾”的关系

该研究采用问卷法,以481名中学生为被试,通过无约束结构方程模型分析方法探讨了外向性、宜人性人格特征与互联网服务偏好的交互作用对网络成瘾的影响。研究发现在对网络成瘾的影响上,青少年宜人性人格特征与互联网社交服务偏好存在显著的交互作用,但与互联网娱乐、信息和交易服务偏好的交互作用不显著。外向性人格特征与互联服务偏好不存在显著的交互作用。(1)从平均影响来看,外向性、宜人性、互联网社交、娱乐和交易使用偏好能够正向预测网络成瘾,互联网信息使用偏好对网络成瘾没有显著的预测效果;(2)在宜人性高分组中,互联网社交服务偏好与PIU的正向关系要强于宜人性低分组。斜率检验表明对于低宜人性人格的青少年来说,互联网社交服务偏好不易导致其成瘾,而对高宜人性人格的青少年而言,互联网社交服务偏好反而容易导致其成瘾。     

青少年外向/宜人性人格、互联网服务偏好与"网络成瘾"的关系

该研究采用问卷法,以481名中学生为被试,通过无约束结构方程模型分析方法探讨了外向性、宜人性人格特征与互联网服务偏好的交互作用对网络成瘾的影响。研究发现在对网络成瘾的影响上,青少年宜人性人格特征与互联网社交服务偏好存在显著的交互作用,但与互联网娱乐、信息和交易服务偏好的交互作用不显著。外向性人格特征与互联服务偏好不存在显著的交互作用。(1)从平均影响来看,外向性、宜人性、互联网社交、娱乐和交易使用偏好能够正向预测网络成瘾,互联网信息使用偏好对网络成瘾没有显著的预测效果;(2)在宜人性高分组中,互联网社交服务偏好与PIU的正向关系要强于宜人性低分组。斜率检验表明对于低宜人性人格的青少年来说,互联网社交服务偏好不易导致其成瘾,而对高宜人性人格的青少年而言,互联网社交服务偏好反而容易导致其成瘾。     

Social capital, self-esteem, and use of online social network sites: A longitudinal analysis

A longitudinal analysis of panel data from users of a popular online social network site, Facebook, investigated the relationship between intensity of Facebook use, measures of psychological well-being, and bridging social capital. Two surveys conducted a year apart at a large U.S. university, complemented with in-depth interviews with 18 Facebook users, provide the study data. Intensity of Facebook use in year one strongly predicted bridging social capital outcomes in year two, even after controlling for measures of self-esteem and satisfaction with life. These latter psychological variables were also strongly associated with social capital outcomes. Self-esteem served to moderate the relationship between Facebook usage intensity and bridging social capital: those with lower self-esteem gained more from their use of Facebook in terms of bridging social capital than higher self-esteem participants. We suggest that Facebook affordances help reduce barriers that lower self-esteem students might experience in forming the kinds of large, heterogeneous networks that are sources of bridging social capital.     

Time to face it! Facebook intrusion and the implications for romantic jealousy and relationship satisfaction

Young people's exposure to social network sites such as Facebook is increasing, along with the potential for such use to complicate romantic relationships. Yet, little is known about the overlaps between the online and offline worlds. We extended previous research by investigating the links between Facebook intrusion, jealousy in romantic relationships, and relationship outcomes in a sample of undergraduates currently in a romantic relationship. A Facebook Intrusion Questionnaire was developed based on key features of technological (behavioral) addictions. An eight-item Facebook Intrusion Questionnaire with a single-factor structure was supported; internal consistency was high. Facebook intrusion was linked to relationship dissatisfaction, via jealous cognitions and surveillance behaviors. The results highlight the possibility of high levels of Facebook intrusion spilling over into romantic relationships, resulting in problems such as jealousy and dissatisfaction. The results have implications for romantic relationships and for Facebook users in general.     

Modeling of variables related to problematic social media usage: Social desirability tendency example

Social media usage has been popular for the last decade. Individuals use their social media environments for various reasons such as to socialize, play games, have fun and share posts. Overuse of these environments may lead to negative psychological and behavioral consequences for individuals. Additionally, it increases the worries about potential addicted/problematic use of social media. In this study, it is aimed to determine the level of problematic social media usage of participants who are active social media users and to analyze the relationships between problematic social media usage and various personal characteristics and social variables. Study in relational screening model is carried out with the participation of 580 volunteers. Partial least squares (PLS) structural equation modeling is used to analyze the data obtained through various scale according to the research model. The structural equation modeling analysis shows that there is a significant relationship between problematic social media usage and the daily time of social media usage, the use of frequency of social media for recognition, publicity, communication/interaction and education, loneliness, and social anxiety. The variable which shows higher correlation between problematic social media usage is social anxiety.     

Mobile phone use while driving in Finland

Mobile phones represent one of the most common distractions for drivers and phone use while driving is particularly problematic in Finland. The aim of this research was to explore the Finnish sample of responses from ESRA2 (E-Survey of Road users' Attitudes) with a specific focus on the distracting behaviours related to mobile phone usage while driving. ESRA2 data is derived from online surveys amongst a representative sample of the adult populations in each participating country. In total a sample of 994 responses were collected in Finland for ESRA2, which included 703 responses from participants who held a driver’s licence and reported driving a car in the 30 days prior to the survey.The results provide evidence of the problematic usage of mobile phones while driving in Finland. Mobile phone use was considered across three specific types of usage: (1) handheld phone calls while driving; (2) handsfree phone calls while driving; (3) texting, emailing or social media use while driving. Almost half (49.4 %) of the sample reported using a handheld mobile phone to make a call while driving at least once in the 30 days prior to the survey. A similar percentage (41.4 %) of the sample had used a phone hands-free and 35.6 % had texted, emailed, or used social media.The study highlights how mobile phone usage is a complex and multifaceted issue and that there are a broad range of underlying factors that influence mobile phone usage depending on the way in which people engage with their mobile phone while driving. The findings suggest that a systematic approach to reducing mobile phone distraction is needed that addresses the issue through a combination of legislation, enforcement, and education.     

The value(s) of information on social network sites: The role of user personality traits

PurposeThe present research examines the relationship between personality of social network site (SNS) users and the perceived value of the information they seek. Building on the Reasoned Action Approach, personality is conceptualized as a background factor influencing people's attitude towards the information they search for on SNS.Design/methodology/approachData were collected using a face-to-face survey among Facebook users (n = 311). Personality traits were assessed based on the Big Five dimensions. Statistical analyses estimate the effects of personality traits on the various values of the information sought on SNS. A three-step procedure was followed to standardize the independent variables and create interaction variables for the moderation test.FindingsThe results support the predictions that certain personality traits (e.g., conscientiousness and extraversion), as described by the FFM framework, are related to particular facets of information value (economic value and social value respectively). The effect of personality was moderated by participants’ Facebook usage intensity. Usage intensity dampens the relationship between agreeableness and functional value of information, and strengthens the negative relationship between openness-to-experience and psychological value of information.Practical implicationsThe personality-information value relationships found can help social media practitioners and marketers shape the content and appeal of the messages communicated to their audience on SNS, and tailor marketer-customer interactions in an engaging way.Originality/valueThe present research contributes to understanding the pivotal role of personality in evaluating the information people seek on social networks. It also adds to the literature regarding FFM and social media usage by supporting the notion that the Big Five personality traits predict value aspects of information that people pursue in the course of search behavior on Facebook.Article classificationResearch paper.     

Problematic Facebook Use in Adolescents: Associations with Parental Attachment and Alienation to Peers

Facebook is, nowadays, the most used social networking site worldwide and adolescents are increasingly engaging in this form of communication. Despite increasing attention of researchers to computer-mediated communication, there are few studies using an interpersonal and family relationships perspective on how adolescents relate to the Internet, and particularly to Facebook use. The aim of the present study was to test whether peer alienation mediates the link between parental attachment and problematic Facebook use. To this purpose we used a sample of 761 adolescents (53.7% boys, mean age?=?15.8), from the North region of Portugal. We also tested if the mediational model was invariant for boys and girls. The results showed that peer alienation plays a mediating role in the relationship between parental attachment and problematic Facebook use. The mediational models were, however, not invariant for boys and girls. Considering parental attachment, quality of emotional bond directly predicted problematic Facebook use only for boys. These results provide relevant clues for understanding predictors of problematic Facebook use in adolescents and also enlighten psychological intervention, particularly in parental education and school intervention programs.     

The burden of online friends: the effects of giving up Facebook on stress and well-being

People occasionally choose to cut themselves off from their online social network by taking extended breaks from Facebook. This study investigated whether abstaining from Facebook reduces stress but also reduces subjective well-being because of the resulting social disconnection. Participants (138 active Facebook users) were assigned to either a condition in which they were instructed to give up Facebook for 5 days or continue to use Facebook as normal. Perceived stress and well-being, as well as salivary cortisol, were measured before and after the test period. Relative to those in the Facebook Normal condition, those in the No Facebook condition experienced lower levels of cortisol and life satisfaction. Our results suggest that the typical Facebook user may occasionally find the large amount of social information available to be taxing, and Facebook vacations could ameliorate this stress—at least in the short term.     

It’s all about Extraversion: Why Facebook friend count doesn’t count towards well-being

Social relationships are assumed to be among the most important sources of well-being. However, previous studies showing that objectively measured social network size contributes to well-being have not included personality traits. We investigated, in a sample of Facebook users (N = 4701), whether the effects of Extraversion on well-being are mediated by a larger network. Although network size was initially associated with heightened well-being, this association was rendered insignificant when Extraversion was controlled for. Extraversion had a direct positive effect on ratings of Life Satisfaction and Happiness, but none of this effect was mediated by Facebook network size. The previously reported on associations between social network size and well-being could, at least in some contexts, be an artifact of Extraversion.     

Intention to continue using Facebook fan pages from the perspective of social capital theory

Social network sites enable users to express themselves, establish ties, and develop and maintain social relationships. Recently, many companies have begun using social media identity (e.g., Facebook fan pages) to enhance brand attractiveness, and social network sites have evolved into social utility networks, thereby creating a number of promising business opportunities. To this end, the operators of fan pages need to be aware of the factors motivating users to continue their patronization of such pages. This study set out to identify these motivating factors from the point of view of social capital. This study employed structural equation modeling to investigate a research model based on a survey of 327 fan pages users. This study discovered that ties related to social interaction (structural dimension), shared values (cognitive dimension), and trust (relational dimension) play important roles in users' continued intention to use Facebook fan pages. Finally, this study discusses the implications of these findings and offers directions for future research.