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道德自我调节视角下的学业自我效能感与大学生学术不端的关系研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本研究构建了一个中介性调节模型,以解释较低的学术自我效能感与大学生学术不端之间的关系,提出学业自我效能感与学术不端之间的关系以道德推脱为中介,且这一中介效应受到道德自我认同的调节。495名大学生参加了本研究,他们完成了学业自我效能感问卷、道德推脱问卷、道德自我认同问卷和学术不端问卷。数据分析发现,学业自我效能感、道德推脱、内化道德认同和象征化道德认同都影响道德推脱和学术不端,且学业自我效能感与学术不端的关系以道德推脱为部分中介,但是这一中介效应只受内化道德认同的调节,不受象征化道德认同的调节。本研究表明,较高的内化道德认同能够降低学术自我效能感较低的个体的道德推脱倾向。并由此减少其学术不端的可能性。 相似文献
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自由裁量权是一项不可否弃的司法权力,社会生活的复杂性和法律自身的不足是其存在的根本原因。伴随着自由裁量权的是对法官职业道德素质的理性诉求。通过道德教育,提高法官的职业道德素质,是保证将正义等理念实现在自由裁量当中的重要环节。 相似文献
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人们会做出一些不道德的事情,这可能对他们积极的道德自我概念构成威胁。为了应对这种道德自我威胁,人们会表现出道德记忆偏差,即遗忘威胁道德自我的不道德事件或信息。近年来,研究者基于自传体记忆范式、游戏范式、代入范式和自我参照范式,为道德记忆偏差现象提供了证据支持。研究还进一步表明,这种道德记忆偏差可能出于应对道德自我威胁的需要,即人们希望通过有选择地遗忘来维护积极的道德自我概念。 值得注意的是,道德记忆偏差现象存在一些不一致的发现。未来研究应该寻求可能的调节变量,以整合现有不一致的发现,揭示人们使用道德记忆偏差应对道德自我威胁的情境或个体差异。此外,根据道德自我威胁的解释,道德记忆偏差的存在可能需要一定条件。人们做出有意不道德行为时,应该能够意识到自身行为有违道德标准、体验到道德自我威胁,进而表现出道德记忆偏差;但是人们在做出无意不道德行为时,可能不会体验到道德自我威胁,也就不会表现出道德记忆偏差。人们做出不太严重的不道德行为时,道德记忆偏差能够帮助人们很好地应对道德自我威胁。但是人们在做出严重违反道德的行为时,道德记忆偏差可能不足以应对道德自我威胁,该偏差可能就不复存在。 道德记忆偏差与其他应对道德自我威胁策略之间可能存在一定的联系。一种可能性是,道德记忆偏差与这些策略之间是相关补充、共同发挥作用的。还有一种可能性是,其他策略可能为道德记忆偏差的出现提供了条件。人们在做出不道德行为后,可能会通过道德推脱和自我合理化等方式来降低其道德标准,改观其对该事件的评价,从而更容易地模糊不道德行为,表现出道德记忆偏差。除应对道德自我威胁外,道德记忆偏差还存在其他可能的解释。道德记忆偏差可能源自人们的印象管理动机,即人们可能为了维护在他人面前的道德形象而表现出道德记忆偏差。道德记忆偏差还可能发生在记忆加工的不同阶段,比如该现象可能发生在编码阶段,即人们对道德事件的编码加工多于不道德事件;储存阶段,即人们可能受到积极自我图式的影响而对不道德事件产生遗忘;也可能在提取阶段,即人们可能会主动地抑制对不道德事件的提取。未来研究应关注道德记忆偏差存在条件,并在研究广度上扩展其研究范畴,在研究深度上揭示其认知机制,并探究与其他应对道德自我威胁策略的关系。 相似文献
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道德型领导对下属非道德行为的负向影响已得到了证实,但二者关系的边界条件和作用机制还不明朗。基于社会学习理论,文章首先引入领导组织化身(SOE)概念,考察它在道德型领导与下属非道德行为间的调节作用;在此基础上引入下属道德效能概念,解释SOE具体是如何发挥调节作用的。以237名员工为研究对象,结果表明:(1)SOE在道德型领导与下属非道德行为之间有正向调节作用;(2)这种调节作用是通过下属道德效能的中介而实现的,即对SOE不同的下属来说,道德型领导对其道德效能有不同影响,从而对非道德行为的作用强度有所差异。 相似文献
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不同诉求方式的手机网页广告效果研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本研究以50名视力正常的大学生为被试,采用眼动追踪技术,研究他们在浏览不同诉求方式、不同位置广告时对手机广告的记忆程度、喜好程度。结果发现:(1)对于不同诉求方式的网页广告,理性诉求组的注视次数及注视时间明显高于感性诉求组。(2)网页广告的位置对被试的记忆成绩与眼动模式有影响,表现为下部的注视次数增加,注视时间长。记忆成绩中下部比上部记忆效果稍好。 相似文献
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作为劳改营文学的代表,索尔仁尼琴并非仅仅通过文学叙述来批评苏联的政治制度和社会形态,在很大程度上他更希望通过文学书写来阐释圣经精神的价值所在。索翁的《创世纪》式写作、律法精神的秉承以及启示录的隐喻等为解读其道德诉求提供了极大的阐释空间及依据。 相似文献
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品牌名称是建立品牌-消费者关系的重要连接点,是品牌资产的构成要素。品牌语言学的研究发现,品牌名称的语音特征会影响消费者的认知、情绪与行为,但鲜有研究考察语音特征对消费者的道德反应的影响及其路径。本研究基于心智知觉理论,探究了品牌分别作为道德主体和道德受害者两种不同的角色时,叠音品牌名称影响消费者道德反应的非对称性路径。具体而言:品牌作为道德主体违规的情境下,相较于非叠音,叠音品牌名称能通过降低消费者感知的品牌心智的“思考”维度(而非“感受”维度),来缓解消费者对品牌的消极道德反应(愤怒、厌恶、谴责、惩罚行为意图);而当品牌作为道德受害者受害的情境下,叠音品牌名称则通过提升消费者感知的品牌心智的“感受”维度(而非“思考”维度),来增强消费者对品牌的积极道德反应(同情、怜悯、遗憾、购买支持行为意图)。本研究通过7个实验证明了假设,从理论上创新性地探索了语音特征与道德反应的因果关系,揭示了品牌心智的两个维度作为不对称中介存在的机制,为实践中品牌道德事件公关和公益营销传播工作提供了借鉴。 相似文献
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基于自我建构理论和情绪理论, 本文探讨了自我建构与广告诉求对品牌认同的交互作用、影响机制及边界条件。通过3个实验, 我们发现对于独立自我建构的消费者来说, 能力广告诉求更能提高品牌认同感, 而对于相依自我建构的消费者来说, 热情广告诉求则更有效; 同时我们也验证了广告诉求到愉悦感到品牌认同最终到购买意向的因果链模型, 并确定了企业类型对该机制的调节作用。 相似文献
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Raelynn Maloney Elizabeth M. Altmaier 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2003,10(4):251-258
Motivated by an organ shortage, a primary objective of professionals involved with organ and tissue donation is to identify and modify key factors that facilitate or impede family consent. Procedural factors associated with the donation request process have been highlighted as target areas for change. Several studies have demonstrated that family consent rates increase when specific procedural knowledge and skills are incorporated into agency protocols and health care professionals become proficient with these procedures. Thus, training of these professionals heavily emphasizes development of procedural competencies, with relatively little time allocated to fostering affective helping skills or competencies. Given the lack of attention to affective competencies, this study was designed to examine perceived procedural and affective self-efficacy among health care professionals receiving training as designated requestors. Findings suggest trained requestors report greater confidence in their ability to perform procedural tasks associated with the donation request process than in their ability to manage affective or emotion-laden issues related to the process. 相似文献
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ZHANG Ke 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2018,13(3):420
In section 1, I will describe how moral responsibility requires normative competence. In section 2, I will introduce an influential social psychology experiment and consider one of its philosophical interpretations, situationism. In section 3, I will discuss the possession response in defense of normative competence. This is an approach to save normative competence via possession, and in turn the concept of the morally responsible agent, by relinquishing the need for exercising normative competence. After discussing its pros and cons, section 4 will focus on the exercise response, which emphasizes each singular exercise of normative competence. Given these two responses, I will argue that we are faced with a dilemma. If we admit that the concept of the morally responsible agent is grounded in the mere possession of normative competence, then the concept becomes useless in a practical sense, forcing us to embrace a concept that is tied to the exercise of normative competence. If we admit that the morally responsible agent is grounded in only the exercise of normative competence, the concept of the morally responsible agent no longer aligns with common sense. 相似文献
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热情与能力是解析社会认知的普适性框架,同现实情境中诸多要素存在着关联。与众多明显带有社会属性的要素相比,源自面孔或者颜色的视觉、声音的听觉、身体姿态的动觉、温度变化的肤觉等生理线索,也可以跟热情与能力的社会知觉产生关联,这个过程可能基于生理–社会的知觉联结假设或者知觉启动假设而发生。以生理–社会的知觉关系为切入点,热情与能力更能发挥解析具体情境的灵活性。侧重典型生理线索的挖掘、建立生理线索同热情与能力的组态关系,以及这种关系对社会性偏向的影响,将有助于推进热情与能力融入更为广泛的社会应用之中。 相似文献
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社会认知的内容存在两个基本维度,一个与热情或社会性特质有关,另一个与能力或智力性特质有关,称之为社会认知内容的\"大二\"模型。关于\"大二\"模型的理论有进化心理学、本体论和功能性三种解释。目前,\"大二\"模型的理论焦点集中在模型的文化普适性检验、两维度之间的关系以及两个维度的权重和偏好问题上。今后可结合本土实际情况围绕着三大焦点问题和两维度的具身研究等问题进行深入探讨。 相似文献
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Marc Fetscherin Stacey Tantleff-Dunn Arne Klumb 《The Journal of social psychology》2020,160(3):332-345
ABSTRACTFew studies investigated the effects of facial characteristics on stereotyping in the business context. Using a 2 (beard/no beard) x 2 (acne/no acne) x 2 (tie/no tie) x 2 (eyeglasses/no eyeglasses) between subjects’ design, two representative samples of 364 and 711 participants rated different stimuli of male subjects on dimensions of competence, warmth and hireability. Based on 4,215 observations, results show acne has a negative and eyeglasses a positive effect on both competence and warmth. Wearing a necktie has a positive effect on competence and a negative effect on warmth. Finally, beardedness has a negative effect on warmth. We also observe that competence has a greater effect on hireability than warmth. We discuss the findings in the context of theoretical and managerial implications for male job applicants as well as HR practices. 相似文献
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本研究采用眼动追踪技术,从注意的角度考察面孔加工中热情和能力的关系。结果发现:热情面孔比能力面孔的首次注视到达时间更短;热情面孔的注视次数显著多于能力面孔,且总注视时间更长;在趋避判断的消极条件下,个体更倾向于对热情面孔做出回避的判断且反应时更长,在积极条件下则不存在显著差异。这表明,相比于能力面孔,个体对热情面孔注意更加警觉、注意维持更久,回避消极热情面孔的倾向更强。因此,热情面孔在注意和行为判断过程中对个体更加重要,即面孔加工中存在热情优先效应。 相似文献
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Holly S. Howe Lingrui Zhou Rodrigo S. Dias Gavan J. Fitzsimons 《Journal of Consumer Psychology》2023,33(1):107-114
We examine whether the cleverness of a brand's humor attempt affects consumers' brand attitudes and engagement. A clever humor attempt is any humor attempt wherein the consumer feels she must make mental connections to solve the joke (e.g., understand a cultural reference, understand the dual meaning of a pun). Across five studies, we demonstrate that as the cleverness of a humor attempt increases, consumers report higher brand attitudes and are more engaged with the brand. This effect is mediated by perceptions of brand warmth and competence and moderated by consumers' need for cognition. 相似文献
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《The Journal of social psychology》2012,152(6):629-650
ABSTRACT Three studies examine discriminant and predictive validity of a self-report measure of self -efficacy in romantic relationships (Self-Efficacy in Romantic Relationships; SERR). Study 1 indicates SERR scores predict relationship anxiety and expectations of relationship success when general self-efficacy, self-esteem, social desirability, and efficacy beliefs about relating to specific relationship partners are considered. Study 2 indicates SERR scores predict later relationship satisfaction and commitment when relationship type and length are considered. Study 3 indicates that SERR scores predict later relationship outcomes when other self-efficacy indicators are considered. The SERR assesses broad feelings of relationship self-efficacy, independent of specific relationships or partners. 相似文献
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Lebena Varghese Meghan Irene Huntoon Lindeman Lisa Finkelstein 《European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology》2018,27(4):418-429
In two studies we examine how feminine, masculine and hybrid impression management tactics affect perceptions of job applicants in interview settings. Study 1 (N = 133) results indicated that a hybrid tactic was more effective than a feminine tactic to portray competence. Similarly, a hybrid tactic was more effective than a masculine tactic to portray warmth. Further, perceptions of competence and warmth predicted ratings of likability and hirability. Study 2 (N = 222) replicated Study 1 and showed that applicant gender did not affect the results. The results indicated that hybrid tactics enable members of both genders to appear competent and warm in an interview. 相似文献