大学生评价恐惧在自尊与社交焦虑间的中介效应分析

为探讨评价恐惧在自尊与社交焦虑间的作用,本研究采用正向评价恐惧量表、负向评价恐惧量表、自尊量表、社交互动焦虑量表,以大学生作为研究对象进行问卷调查,得到655份有效问卷。研究结果表明:(1)正向评价恐惧量表在本研究大学生样本中具有良好的信、效度。(2)正向评价恐惧、负向评价恐惧在自尊与社交焦虑间起着部分中介作用,中介效应值为47.17%,即自尊一方面直接影响社交焦虑,另一方面通过负向评价恐惧、正向评价恐惧影响社交焦虑。     

北京大学生多元自尊的解析

该研究试图考察北京大学生的整体自尊、多元自尊的特点,探讨整体自尊的结构,考察它与抑郁等消极情绪的关系。研究采用华人多元自尊量表、华人整体自尊量表,在北京地区18所高校中,随机选取300名大学生施测。结果显示:1)多元自尊存在性别差异和年级差异;2)在北京大学生的多元自尊中,个人独立与能力自尊、人际关系与人缘自尊以及家世背景与经济自尊是自尊结构中的主要维度,能够有效预测整体自尊;3)整体自尊与焦虑、抑郁、以及消极情绪的强度与频率都存在显著的负相关。     

父母自尊与青少年主观幸福感间的关系:亲子信任与青少年自尊的链式中介作用

为了探讨父母自尊和青少年主观幸福感间的关系及其内在机制,本研究采用罗森伯格自尊量表、积极/消极情感量表、生活满意度量表和亲子信任关系量表,针对233对高中生及其父母进行调查。研究结果发现:(1)父母自尊与青少年主观幸福感显著正相关;(2)亲子信任在父母自尊与青少年主观幸福感之间起中介作用;(3)青少年自尊在父母自尊与青少年主观幸福感之间起中介作用;(4)亲子信任和青少年自尊在父母自尊与青少年主观幸福感之间起链式中介作用。该结果对于揭示影响青少年主观幸福感的因素,寻找到提升青少年主观幸福感的路径具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

大学生学业成败归因特点与自尊的关系

为考察大学生学业成败归因与内隐自尊、外显自尊间的关系,对74名大学生进行内隐联想测验(IAT),并要求其完成Rosenberg自尊量表(SES)及学业成败归因量表(MMCS).统计分析表明: (1)内隐自尊与外显自尊相关不显著; (2)当学业成功时,内隐自尊水平高的大学生倾向于将成功归为自己的能力,而外显自尊水平高的大学生倾向于将成功归为努力、情境和运气; (3)当学业失败时,内隐自尊水平高的大学生倾向于将失败归于情境,而内隐自尊水平低的大学生倾向于将失败归为个人能力不足;同时外显自尊水平高的大学生倾向于将失败归为情境和运气,而外显自尊水平低的大学生更倾向于将失败归为个人努力不够.     

自我报告高敏感儿童量表在中学生群体中的修订

目的：进行自我报告高敏感儿童量表（Highly Sensitive Child Scale,HSC）在中国中学生群体中的修订及信效度检验。方法：通过项目分析和探索性因素分析确定中文版自我报告HSC量表题目，最后进行量表的信效度检验。结果：修订后的中文版自我报告HSC量表包括9道题目，包括低感觉阈限、易受过度刺激和审美敏感性三个维度。该量表的信效度指标符合要求，三因素模型拟合良好。结论：修订后中文版自我报告HSC量表可作为测量我国中学生感觉加工敏感性的可靠工具。     

初中学生自尊特点的初步研究

对991名城乡在校初中生施以Coopersmith自尊问卷（25条目版）测验。对问卷的测量学分析发现：该自尊问卷的中文版具有较高的信度,其与有关测量工具之间的效标关联效度合乎逻辑;对被试自尊特点的分析发现：初中阶段学生的自尊存在极显著的年级差异,初中二年级开始自尊极显著地降低;初中生的自尊不存在性别差异;城市被试的自尊在总体上高于农村被试,但城乡因素与被试的性别有交互作用;独生子女的自尊高于非独生子女,但这一差异仅存在于初中一年级。     

应用Rasch模型分析Rosenberg自尊量表

采用Rosenberg自尊量表(RSES)对425名在校大学生进行施测,应用项目反应理论的Rasch模型对项目指标进行分析及DIF检验。结果表明,Rosenberg自尊量表具有单维性,量表的信度为0.84; 除项目8以外,其他项目拟合指标良好,较适用来区分中等及偏低自尊水平的个体,项目功能差异检验发现在项目1和项目5上存在DIF,表现为男生自尊水平要高于女生。相对于经典测量理论,应用Rasch模型分析Rosenberg自尊量表具有优势,为进一步的完善和使用该自尊量表提供依据。     

中学生亲子依恋对主观幸福感的影响:师生关系及自尊的链式中介作用

为探究师生关系和自尊在中学生亲子依恋与主观幸福感关系之间的链式中介效应,使用亲子依恋问卷、师生关系量表、自尊量表、积极/消极情感量表和生活满意度量表对北京地区八所普通中学的2730名中学生进行调查。结果发现:(1)中学生亲子依恋、师生关系、自尊和主观幸福感显著相关。(2)中学生亲子依恋不仅直接影响其主观幸福感,而且还通过师生关系的中介作用、自尊的中介作用和师生关系—自尊的链式中介作用对主观幸福感产生间接效应。     

自尊对大学生亲社会行为的影响:一个有调节的中介模型

为探讨自尊与大学生亲社会行为的关系,以及共情和道德推脱在二者关系中的作用机制,采用自尊量表(SES)、青少年亲社会倾向量表(PTM)、人际反应指针量表(IRI-C)、道德推脱问卷对677名大学生进行调查.结果发现:(1)自尊显著正向预测大学生亲社会行为;(2)共情在自尊与大学生亲社会行为间起中介作用;(3)道德推脱在自...     

大学生习惯性负性自我思维与自尊的相关研究

采用实验法和测验法,让186名大学生完成内隐联想测验、SES量表和习惯性负性自我思维量表,探讨了中国文化背景下大学生习惯性负性自我思维与自尊的关系。结果发现:1)大学生有强烈的内隐自尊;2)内隐、外显自尊是相对独立的;3)习惯性负性自我思维存在显著性别差异;内隐、外显自尊及ZIAT-ZSES性别差异不显著;4)男大学生习惯性负性自我思维与外显自尊存在显著负相关,女大学生相关不显著;习惯性负性自我思维与内隐自尊及ZIAT-ZSES相关不显著。     

成人依恋的测量：亲密关系经历量表（ECR）中文版

为了促进在中国开展有关成人依恋的研究,对目前国外该领域中广泛采用的“标准”成人依恋量表——“亲密关系经历量表（ECR）”——进行了中文版修订。371名中国大学生接受了测试,并用自尊量表,他人观量表等作为检验效度的依据。其中59人在四周后进行了重测。对其中的231名正处于恋爱中的被试的结果进行了统计分析,包括采用项目反应理论进行项目分析、信效度检验。结果表明,该量表的中文版具有较好的信度（内部一致性、和重测信度）以及效度（构想效度和效标效度）     

Development of a Japanese version of the emotional skills and competence questionnaire

The present study described development of a Japanese version of the Emotional Skills and Competence Questionnaire and examined the relations of scores with those on Big Five scales of personality and self-esteem scales. The participants were 615 undergraduates. Factor analysis led to the shortened version of 24 items in three subscales. Although Cronbach alphas were low for the subscale, Manage and Regulate Emotion, values were satisfactory for the other two subscales, Express and Label Emotion and Perceive and Understand Emotion. Total scores of this version were positively correlated with score for self-esteem, Extraversion, and Openness but negatively correlated with scores on Neuroticism. This shorter Japanese versions shows suitable internal consistency and content validity, but other reliabilities and validities must be examined precisely.     

近乎完美量表修订版（APS-R）的中文修订

对近乎完美量表修订版（APS-R）进行中文修订,并考察其信度和效度。1174名大学生参加正式测试,321名学生7周后参加了复测。结果显示,量表的内部一致性信度、分半信度和重测信度比较理想;探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析均支持APS-R的高标准、差异和秩序的理论建构;高标准分量表与自尊、自我效能感、正性情绪呈正相关,差异分量表与抑郁、特质焦虑、状态焦虑和负性情绪呈正相关。APS-R中文修订版具有较高的信效度,可以作为国内完美主义研究、心理咨询和治疗工作的一个有效工具。     

A Matter of Context: A Meta‐Analytic Investigation of the Relative Validity of Contextualized and Noncontextualized Personality Measures

The empirical evidence that has accumulated in support of the notion that personality is a valid predictor of employee performance is vast, yet debate on the matter continues. This study investigates frame‐of‐reference effects as they relate to the validity of self‐report measures of personality. Specifically, we compare the validities of general, noncontextualized personality measures and work‐specific, contextualized measures. The findings suggest that personality measures are a more valid predictor of performance when the scale items or instructions are framed specifically so as to reference work‐specific behaviors. We found that the validities for noncontextualized measures of personality ranged from .02 to .22, with a mean validity of .11. The validities for contextualized measures ranged from .14 to .30, with a mean of .24 . Additional moderator analyses were conducted in an effort to examine several alternate explanations for these validity differences. Specifically, we examined differences between the developmental purpose (general use vs. workplace use) and reliabilities of each type of personality measure. We also compared the validities from published studies to those from unpublished studies. Results suggest that these moderators did not have an impact on the validity differences between noncontextualized and contextualized measures.     

The validity of the serial color-word test A reply to Lennart Sjöberg

Abstract.— In reply to Lennart Sjoberg's conclusion that the reliabilities and validities of the serial Color-Word Test are at best moderate the present authors claim that, given reliable and adequate criteria, the validities are high. Hence, the true reliabilities can hardly be low. Supporting data are presented. However, the test should not be used merely to identify psychiatric syndrome groups, but rather to broaden our knowledge about them by unveiling their adaptive strategies.     

Measuring recognition performance using computer-based and paper-based methods

Using a within-subjects design, we administered to 83 naval pilots and flight officers computer-based and paper-based tests to assess recognition of aircraft silhouettes in order to determine the relative reliabilities and validities of these two measurement modes. Estimates of internal consistencies, equivalences, and discriminative validities were computed for multiple performance measures. It was established that the relative reliabilities and validities derived for these two assessment schemes were contingent on the employed multivariate measurement criteria, that is, percentage correct responses, average response latency, and average degree of confidence in recognition judgments, as well as the statistical criteria used to ascertain the comparative quality of these two modes of testing.     

Equivalence of computerized and standard administration of the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale

Two hundred seventy-nine 8- to 17-year-old children and adolescents were randomly assigned to complete paper-and-pencil or computer-administered versions of the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale. The equivalence of these two administration modes was assessed by evaluating the comparability of scale means, variances, reliabilities, and validities. Results indicate that, of 27 comparisons, only 1 produced a statistically significant difference. We concluded that the computerized administration of the Piers-Harris scale did not affect its psychometric properties and that paper-and-pencil and computerized modes of testing for this questionnaire may be regarded as equivalent.     

Equivalence of Computerized and Standard Administration of the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale

Two hundred seventy-nine 8- to 17-year-old children and adolescents were randomly assigned to complete paper-and-pencil or computer-administered versions of the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale. The equivalence of these two administration modes was assessed by evaluating the comparability of scale means, variances, reliabilities, and validities. Results indicate that, of 27 comparisons, only 1 produced a statistically significant difference. We concluded that the computerized administration of the Piers-Harris scale did not affect its psychometric properties and that paper-and-pencil and computerized modes of testing for this questionnaire may be regarded as equivalent.     

A Confirmatory Analysis of Item Reliability Trends (CAIRT): Differentiating True Score and Error Variance in the Analysis of Item Context Effects

Numerous studies have shown increasing item reliabilities as an effect of the item position in personality scales. Traditionally, these context effects are analyzed based on item-total correlations. This approach neglects that trends in item reliabilities can be caused either by an increase in true score variance or by a decrease in error variance. This article presents the Confirmatory Analysis of Item Reliability Trends (CAIRT) that allows estimating both trends separately within a structural equation modeling framework. Results of a simulation study prove the CAIRT method to provide reliable and independent parameter estimates; the power exceeds the analysis of item-total correlations. We present an empirical application to self- and peer ratings collected in an Internet-based experiment. Results show that reliability trends are caused by increasing true score variance in self-ratings and by decreasing error variance in peer ratings.     

中国人人格量表的信度与效度

在初步确定中国人人格量表（Qingnian Zhongguo Personality Scale, QZPS）的基础上,通过对5000多被试的施测,确定了QZPS的项目构成及信度和效度。研究中对QZPS的项目重新进行探索性因素分析,确认了中国人人格的七因素结构,根据对每一个大因素的因素分析和项目鉴别度分析,确定了QZPS各个因素的项目构成和内部一致性系数,共180个项目。通过自-他评定的相关、自评与标尺评定的相关、以及对特殊群体分数分布的分析验证了QZPS的效度。研究结果确认QZPS有良好的信度和效度,可以应用于人格的理论和应用领域。