SITES OF ‘SEDITION’, SITES OF LIBERATION: GURDWARAS,THE GHADAR PARTY,AND ANTICOLONIAL MOBILIZATION

This paper examines the gurdwaras on the Pacific Coast of North America as critical sites of Ghadar organizing. Linked to gurdwaras across the Pacific, particularly in Manila, Hong Kong, and Shanghai, in a network of labor migration and anticolonial politics, the gurdwaras in Stockton, California, and Vancouver, British Columbia in particular, were closely monitored by US, British, and Canadian officials as centers of sedition and fronts for revolutionary activity. Examining British gendered representations of Sikh soldiers and the ways in which Ghadar activists sought to dismantle the bond between Sikhs and the British Empire, I argue that Pacific Coast gurdwaras were critical meeting spaces for Indian migrants to forge an anticolonial movement against both British colonial subjugation in India and racial discrimination and exclusion in North America. As such, these gurdwaras constituted a central place in early South Asian American history and the histories of global anticolonialism and state repression in the early twentieth century.     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed: Doris A. Graber,Processing Politics: Learning From Television in the Internet Age Victor S. Kaufman,Confronting Communism: U.S. and British Policies Toward China Susan J. Pharr and Robert D. Putnam (eds.),Disaffected Democracies: What's Troubling the Trilateral Countries? Judith Torney‐Purta, Rainer Lehmann, Hans Oswald, and Wolfram Schultz,Citizenship and Education in Twenty‐Eight Countries: Civic Knowledge and Engagement at Age Fourteen Mark E. Warren,Democracy and Trust     

Why Freud and Jung Can’t Speak: A Neurological Proposal

This article provides a modern neurological explanation for the theoretical differences in psychoanalytic concepts and techniques between Freud and Jung. Specifically, the article contrasts their analytic skills as arising in the left and right brain, respectively. Modern neurological techniques reveal unique brain functions that explain many of the visionary and so-called mystic phenomena discussed by Jung. Many of his psychoanalytic concepts can be traced to right brain function. Modern research and philosophic analyses also provide light on Freud’s research method and its limitations.Barbara Stevens Barnum, RN, PhD, FAAN, former editor of Nursing Leadership Forum and Nursing & Health Care, is presently a writer/consultant. Before retiring, her positions at Columbia University included holding the directorship, Division of Health Services, Sciences and Education at Teachers College, where she also held the Stewart Chair in the Department of Nursing Education. Dr. Barnum has written in areas of nursing management, theory, education, and aspects of spirtuality/holistic nursing. Her books include: Nursing theory: Analysis, application, evaluation, Spirituality in nursing: From traditional to New Age, and The New Healers: Minds and Hands in Complementary Medicine.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: The Training of Teachers in Universities: by R. A. C. Oliver . Conscience and Society: by Ranyard West . Education for Democracy: by Margaret Cole . The Psychology of Cultural Change in Painting. British Journal of Psychology, Monograph Supplement, No. XXVI: by R. W. Pickford . Blue Print for a Common School: by W. Kenneth Richmond . Social Studies and World Citizenship: by L. J. F. Brimble and F. J. May . Sane Psychology: by R. J. S. Mc Dowall , M.D., D.Sc. Redbrick University. by Bruce Truscot . Education in World Ethics and Science: by Sir Richard Gregory , F.R.S. Young Children in War-time in a Residential War Nursery: by Dorothy Burlingham and Anna Freud .     

Getting in People’s Faces: On the Symbiotic Relationship between the Media and Police Gang Units

The current study explores the relationships among high-profile homicide incidents, media representations of gang homicides, and the establishment of specialized police task forces in British Columbia, Canada. The sample includes all articles on homicide published between 2004 and 2010 in a major daily newspaper (N = 2,873). We examine the attention given to gang-related homicides compared to other homicides, explore the impact of high-profile shootings on trends in reporting, and discuss the timing of media reports in relation to the creation of specialized police forces. Results are discussed with respect to the symbiotic relationship between police organizations and the media.     

Restructuring the health care system in british columbia: The experience of the shaughnessy hospital employees

Abstract

The impact of the Shaughnessy Hospital closure on a sample of full-time health care employees (n = 59) is examined within the context of the restructuring of the British Columbia health care system. Employee concerns focused on lack of consultation, concern for patients, and their own well being. Results from a repeated measures ANOVA (pre- and post-closure) revealed that the negative emotions (e.g., anxious, distressed, angry, nervous) associated with the closure did not dissipate until a full year after the announcement of the hospital closure. A pooled time series analysis (n = 177) found that both social support and positive coping activities were associated with greater coping effectiveness, perceptions of justice, and fewer sick days. The study findings suggest that health care organizations going through closure or restructuring activities should explore interventions which improve communication, develop supervisory support, provide employee assistance or counseling, and offer training interventions which help employees to maintain a positive mental outlook.     

The 2007 Birmingham Agreed Syllabus for Religious Education: a new direction for statutory religious education in England and Wales

The aim of this article is to introduce and summarise the main feature of the new Birmingham City Council Agreed Syllabus for Religious Education (2007 Birmingham City Council (BCC). 2007. Agreed Syllabus for Religious Education, Birmingham: City Council.  [Google Scholar]), consider the relevance of its commitments and conclusions to ongoing debates within British religious education, and, finally, offer some kind of provisional assessment of its strengths and worth. By way of introduction, attention is given both to the mounting controversy that currently attends British religious education, which has given rise to conflicting opinions and estimates of its achievements and value, and to the historical role and legal status of agreed syllabuses within English and Welsh education.     

A k-sample significance test for independent alpha coefficients

The earlier two-sample procedure of Feldt [1969] for comparing independent alpha reliability coefficients is extended to the case ofK 2 independent samples. Details of a normalization of the statistic under consideration are presented, leading to computational procedures for the overallK-group significance test and accompanying multiple comparisons. Results based on computer simulation methods are presented, demonstrating that the procedures control Type I error adequately. The results of a power comparison of the case ofK=2 with Feldt's [1969]F test are also presented. The differences in power were negligible. Some final observations, along with suggestions for further research, are noted.The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Michael E. Masson, in the computations performed, and of Leonard S. Feldt, in suggesting the data generation procedures used in the study. In addition, the authors thank James Zidek and the Institute of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, University of British Columbia, for advice concerning some of the theoretical development.     

C. G. Jung after ten years

Thoughts while driving on a quiet street … We were camping out in British Columbia in the most gorgeous campgrounds I'd ever seen. It was raining. We were the only campers around, as it was out of season. Driving up the coast from California to British Columbia, camping a little and staying in motels with our two children, had taken longer than we'd planned. Now, we were finally close to Victoria, and we chose to camp out instead of going to a motel. British Columbia gets a lot of rain. I realized that the lush beauty and greenery of the campgrounds were due to the rain, but it didn't occur to me that we would actually be rained upon. We were soaked by the downpour, ail of our packed clothes and bedding were very damp, and I quickly began to feel miserable.     

The professionalisation of non-denominational religious education in England: politics,organisation and knowledge

In response to contemporary concerns, and using neglected primary sources, this article explores the professionalisation of teachers of Religious Education (RI/RE) in non-denominational, state-maintained schools in England. It does so from the launch of Religion in Education (1934) and the Institute for Christian Education at Home and Abroad (ICE) (1935) to the founding of the Religious Education Council of England and Wales (1973) and the British Journal of Religious Education (1978). Professionalisation is defined as a collective historical process in terms of three inter-related concepts: (1) professional self-organisation and professional politics; (2) professional knowledge; and (3) initial and continuing professional development. The article sketches the history of non-denominational religious education prior to the focus period, to contextualise the emergence of the professionalising processes under scrutiny. Professional self-organisation and professional politics are explored by reconstructing the origins and history of ICE, which became the principal body offering professional development provision for RI/RE teachers for some 50 years. Professional knowledge is discussed in relation to the content of Religion in Education which was oriented around Christian Idealism and interdenominational networking. Changes in journal name in the 1960s and 1970s reflected uncertainties about the orientation of the subject and shifts in understanding over the nature and character of professional knowledge. The article also explores a particular case of resistance, in the late 1960s, to the prevailing consensus surrounding the nature and purpose of RI/RE, and the representativeness and authority of the pre-eminent professional body of the time. In conclusion, the article examines some implications which may be drawn from this history for the prospects and problems of the professionalisation of RE today.     

Ninian Smart and the Phenomenological Approach to Religious Education

This essay reviews and assesses Ninian Smart's contribution to religious education. Attention is given to his account of the nature and purpose of religious education as expressed and developed in a series of works published between the late 1960s and the early 1970s, beginning with The Teacher and Christian Belief (1966) and ending with Schools Council Working Paper 36, Religious Education in the Secondary School (1971), which was produced under his direction. Continuities and tensions in his thought are identified and discussed in the context of recent debates within religious education and the academic study of religion. Smart’s case for non-confessional religious education is considered, as is his support for a phenomenological approach to religious education. Although serious criticisms are raised, it is concluded that his work is of abiding significance and relevance to both British education and beyond.     

New Directions in Career Guidance: A Special Report for the Profession

Bonaparte, G., Chapman, J., & Steinberg, J. (1987). Michigan: Two career guidance models. Vocational Education Journal, 62(6), 142–143. Greenwood, K. (1987). Counseling adults in career transition. Vocational Education Journal, 62(6), 44–46. Herr, E.L. (1987). Comprehensive career guidance and vocational education: Natural allies. Vocational Education Journal, 62(6), 30–33. Lambert, R. (1987). A guide to career information. Vocational Education Journal, 62(6), 34–36. Lester, J.N., & McCormac, M.E. (1987). The NOICC career guidance standards project. Vocational Education Journal, 62(6), 47–48. Otto, L.B. (1987). Parents: Key advisors. Vocational Education Journal, 62(6), 37–38.     

Re:Views

WORK, WORK, WORK: Project WERC: Why Not Explore Rewarding Careers? Produced by The South Carolina Educational Television Station, Columbia, 1971, and distributed by APGA. WORK, WORK, WORK: Career Development: Theory and Research, John J. Pietrofesa and Howard Splete. WORK, WORK, WORK: Facilitating Career Development, Strategies for Counselors. Robert C. Reardon and Harman D. Burck, editors. WORK, WORK, WORK: Occupational Information: Where to Get It in Career Education. Robert Hoppock. WORK, WORK, WORK: Career Wheels, produced by Education-Career Systems and distributed by APGA. WORK, WORK, WORK: The World of Work: A Guide to Choosing a Career. Walter Dean Myers. WORK, WORK, WORK: Finding Your First Job. Carl McDaniels. WORK, WORK, WORK: How To Complete Job Application Forms. C. Todd Strohmenger. WORK, WORK, WORK: Health at Work. Ward Gardner and Peter Taylor. WORK, WORK, WORK: THE MANPOWER CONNECTION—Education and Work. Eli Ginzberg. THEORIES, TOOLS, AND TECHNIQUES: Personality: Theory Assessment and Research. Lawrence A. Pervin. THEORIES, TOOLS, AND TECHNIQUES: Group Techniques for Program Planning: A Guide to Nominal Group and Delphi Processes. Andre L Delbecq, Andrew H. Van de Ven, and David H. Gustafson. THEORIES, TOOLS, AND TECHNIQUES: Interpersonal Conflict Resolution. Alan C. Filley. THEORIES, TOOLS, AND TECHNIQUES: Psychoanalysis and Feminism. Juliet Mitchell. THEORIES, TOOLS, AND TECHNIQUES: The Behavioral Treatment of Sexual Problems: Volume 2, Intensive Therapy. Jack A. Annon. THEORIES, TOOLS, AND TECHNIQUES: When Schools Care: Creative Use of Groups in Secondary Schools. Irving H. Berkovitz, editor. THEORIES, TOOLS, AND TECHNIQUES: Personal and Interpersonal Appraisal Techniques for: Counselors, Teachers, Students. M.A. Kiley. THEORIES, TOOLS, AND TECHNIQUES: The Healing Journey: New Approaches to Consciousness. Claudio Naranjo. THEORIES, TOOLS, AND TECHNIQUES: Kinesics and Context: Essays on Body Motion Communication. Ray L. Birdwhistell.     

AT HOME IN MOTION

This paper was first delivered as the keynote address at the ‘Transnational Punjabis in the 21^st Century: Beginnings, Junctures and Responses’ Conference held in May 2011 at the University of the Fraser Valley, Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada. It argues that there are two dimensions to evolving Sikh diasporic identities that are firmly anchored in being at home whilst in motion. These two dimensions are rooted in culture and dharam. The ways in which Sikh culture travels and evolves is illustrative of post-colonial transformations and largely dependent on the host culture as well as the product of being part of either an ‘old’ or ‘new’ diaspora – that is, being a diaspora that has been forged in either the age of colonization or the age of globalization. While it remains to be seen how a Sikh diasporic identity will be shaped in the future, it is apparent that diasporic processes will be played out on a global stage as communications between Sikhs and others throughout the world are further revolutionized.     

Differences in occupational stress in three European countries

In this study, the reliabilities of the Dutch translation of the Occupational Stress Inventory, which is based on the theory of Cooper (Cooper & Marshall, 1976), was investigated. The sample comprised 436 nurses. A comparison is made of the individual and job satisfaction stress levels of Dutch and British nurses (N = 546), and of British managers (N =123) and German managers (N =133). The differences in the reliabilities of the Dutch version, compared to the British and German, are small. The differences between the stress and satisfaction scores are found to be greater between occupational groups than between nations.