微创医疗的决策思考与实践——兼论微创手术最佳适应证的选择

微创医学是一个新的医学理论体系.在具体临床医疗决策过程中如何运用微创医学理论是一个必须解决的理论和实践问题.微创医学人文观、科学观、技术观和社会观是医疗微创化决策思想的主要内容,在实践中具有重要的指导意义,尤其是对于微创手术最佳适应证的选择.     

微创医学--一个新的医学理论体系

在新的世纪里,为了回归医学本源、适应人类社会发展的需要,有必要探求一种新的医学智慧、建立一个新的医学系统.从历史唯物主义和辩证法的现点出发,在深入研究"微创"概念及内涵的发展演变、二十一世纪医学发展的未来趋势和社会对医学-医院最大要求的基础上,作者等以生物心理社会医学模式为基础,在学界提出了"微创医学"的概念、建立了"微创医学体系"并正在进行着微创医学的具体实践--在微创医学理论指导下建设"微创医院".本文详细描述了微创医学体系:基本理论系统和临床架构系统.创立微创医学体系的根本目的在于在医学上、在医院里达到真正实现"以人为本"的理念.     

微创体系中人文思想的探索

医学人文学是发展现代医学的一项重要内容.从微创医学体系中的人文思想、探索微创人文思想的意义、实现微创医学过程中的微创人文思想三个方面对建立在现代医学模式基础上的微创医学体系发展中的有关人文思想进行了系统的探索,以揭示微创医学体系中人文思想的意义和价值,同时强调其在医疗实践中的实际应用.     

医学人性的复归:微创医学与全人医疗

微创医学是现代医学发展进程中的一种紧急转向,是当代医学治疗思想的一次重要调整,同时也是古代自然疗法的复归与提升.从微创外科到微创医学,到微创医学体系,到全人医疗,是医学人性复归之路.     

从医学人文角度看微创医疗中的危险因素

微创医疗是现代医学的一项新技术和新兴理念,由于具有创伤小、恢复快等特点而风靡全球,人们迷恋于微创技术的绝对化作用,关注的焦点也更多地是在微创技术自身的创新与改进,而对微创技术带给患者及麻醉的附加伤害和危险却很少问津,当今微创医疗技术发展的基础在于直面问题和解决问题,用技术自身发展解决技术缺陷问题,用人文理念改善和解决医学的人性问题。成功的微创技术是多学科协助的结果,务必认清医学的仁学特性,坚持微创发展的人性化方向,科学规避微创中的危险因素,为微创技术的可持续发展奠定基础。     

理性看待微创外科

所谓“微创”,乃是传统外科发展的伸延和提升。微创不等于无创,微创需要科学的决策,同时微创要运用循证医学。微创具有广阔的前景,但它的治疗之路依然很长。它需要进一步的完善。目前,还不是丰收的季节。     

北京微创医院建设的初步实践--从微创医学理论到具体实践

创建微创医院是发展我国微创医学的首要和必需条件.微创医院是一类以微创理念为指导、以微创医学体系为主导、以整合的微创技术为特色、以"医疗中心"为基本临床结构系统的现代化、数字化的综合性医院.建设微创医院的目的在于验证微创医学理论体系,探索新的医学智慧.     

理性看待微创外科

所谓"微创",乃是传统外科发展的伸延和提升.微创不等于无创,微创需要科学的决策,同时微创要运用循证医学.微创具有广阔的前景,但它的治疗之路依然很长.它需要进一步的完善.目前,还不是丰收的季节.     

辩证地看待微创外科

从理论上认识有关微创外科的一些思想观点和基本原则。用辩证的方法论述微创外科中的主客体以及微创外科与基础理论、传统外科的关系,微创外科中的经济学观点等。微创外科是传统外科学发展的必然结果,它的发展受科学技术和经济及其主客体等自身因素的影响。微创外科具有广阔前景,普及和发展微创外科是我们医学工作者当前的任务。     

以腹腔镜手术为代表的微创技术在泌尿外科的应用

随着科学技术的进步,微创医学正在形成和发展。泌尿外科是微创医学最活跃的专业之一。腹腔镜手术已被公认是现代微创外科技术的代表,正逐渐走向成熟,趋于标准化和规范化。目前多种泌尿外科腹腔镜手术已成为首选治疗方法。近年出现的机器人手术、计算机辅助外科与虚拟现实技术被认为是在腹腔镜手术基础上产生的第3代手术,正在走向现实。我们要对微创泌尿外科有一个再认识,更加准确把握微创泌尿外科的适应证,促进微创泌尿外科更加健康地发展。     

《管子》生态伦理思想及其当代启示

《管子》生态伦理思想具有丰富而深刻的内涵,“天人相分”与“天人合一”的天人观,“道为物要”与“德润万物”的伦理观,“人君天地”与“人与天调”的实践观。其深刻的精神理念对我们今天的生态文明建设具有重要的借鉴意义。这些启示我们应从强化生态意识、加强生态制度建设、实施行为生态化建设、坚持生态化修养建设等方面加强生态文明建设。     

American Medicine as Religious Practice: Care of the Sick as a Sacred Obligation and the Unholy Descent into Secularization

Modern medicine serves a religious function for modern Americans as a conduit through which science can be applied directly to the human body. The first half of this paper will focus on the theoretical foundations for viewing medicine as a religious practice arguing that just as a hierarchical structured authoritarian church historically mediated access to God, contemporary Western medicine provides a conduit by which the universalizable truths of science can be applied to the human being thereby functioning as a new established religion. I will then illustrate the many parallels between medicine and religion through an analysis of rituals and symbols surrounding and embedded within the modern practice of medicine. This analysis will pay special attention to the primacy placed on secret interior knowledge of the human body. I will end by responding to the hope for a “secularization of American medicine,” exploring some of the negative consequences of secularization, and arguing that, rather than seeking to secularize, American medicine should strive to use its religious features to offer hope and healing to the sick, in keeping with its historically religious legacy.     

微创人文思想的创立和实践

创立与医学相关的人文思想即微创人文思想,其不是杜撰出来的,自从有了人类、自从有了目的在于治疗疾病的医生这个职业,医学这个学问,就有了这种人文思想.其具体实践应用还要做两件扎扎实实的工作.一是总结前人的想法、经验、教训及问题,给现在人以借鉴、学习,二是提出新的问题供大家研究、探讨、总结、宣传,以发展微创人文思想.     

The patient in the family and the family in the patient

The notion that the family is “the unit of care” for family doctors has been enigmatic and controversial. Yet systems theory and the biopsychosocial model that results when it is imported into medicine make the family system an indispensable and important component of family medicine. The challenge, therefore, is to provide a coherent, plausible account of the role of the family in family practice. Through an extended case presentation and commentary, we elaborate two views of the family in family medicine — treating the patient in the family and treating the family in the patient — and defend both as appropriate foci for care by family doctors. The practical problem that arises when the family is introduced into health care is deciding when to concentrate on the family system. The moral problems that arise concern how extensively doctors may become involved in the personal lives of their patients and families. The patient-centered clinical method provides a strategy for handling both problems. Thus, making the family a focus of care in family medicine can be justified on theoretical, practical, and moral grounds.     

Incurable suffering from the “hiatus theoreticus”? Some epistemological problems in modern medicine and the clinical relevance of philosophy of medicine

Up to now neither the question, whether all theoretical medical knowledge can at least be described as scientific, nor the one how exactly access to the existing scientific and theoretical medical knowledge during clinical problem-solving is made, has been sufficiently answered. Scientific theories play an important role in controlling clinical practice and improving the quality of clinical care in modern medicine on the one hand, and making it vindicable on the other. Therefore, the vagueness of unexplicit interrelations between medicine's stock of knowledge and medical practice appears as a gap in the theoretical concept of modern medicine which can be described as Hiatus theoreticus in the anatomy of medicine. A central intention of the paper is to analyze the role of philosophy of medicine for the clarification of the theoretical basis of medical practice. Clinical relevance and normativity in the sense of modern theory of science are suggested as criteria to establish a differentiation between philosophy of medicine as a primary medical discipline and the application of general philosophy in medicine.     

Psychology and mind-body segregation: Are we part of the problem?

Despite advances in behavioral medicine and health psychology, the health care system and medical education continue to show resistance to a truly biopsychosocial model of medical practice. Psychologists in medical settings have generally been identified as challenging the concept of mind-body duality and the segregation of biologic and psychosocial sciences in medicine. However, examples are presented of how psychologists contribute to and perpetuate mind-body segregation via exclusive theoretical conceptualizations, arbitrary definitions of professional behavior, and dogmatic constraints on the limits of psychology's field of knowledge.