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智力活动病理变化的生理基础,首先是大脑皮层綜合活动的破坏。 巴南洛夫学派用条件反射方法,研究了大脑皮层的綜合活动。根据巴甫洛夫学說,对任何刺激物形成条件反射的生理机制,是在条件刺激物所引起的皮层兴奋灶和由无条件反应的影响所引起的皮层兴奋灶之間,形成暫时神經联系。这种皮层两个兴奋灶之間暫时神經联系的接通,也就是大脑皮层綜合活动的最簡单形式。 相似文献
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巴甫洛夫始終把条件性皮貭抑制看为积极的神經过程,它不断地調节着兴奋过程,致使有机体的活动能更正确地适应于外界环境。因而,抑制問題的研究不仅具有理論上的意义。而且具有实践上的意义。 如所周知,作为內抑制形式之一的延緩抑制是构成人与动物的一系列行为的基础。例如,对教育工作来說,具有重要意义的是培养儿童的坚靱性,发展善于在某个特定时間內制止自己的活动,或者在需要的时刻准时地进行活动等等的能力。这些正是以延緩抑制的发展为基础的。 相似文献
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在前一篇文章中,我們报告了对正常儿童高級神經活动,特別是以联合不同联系系統的方法对正常儿童大脑皮层綜合活动进行的实驗研究結果。研究表明,正常儿量很容易按言語指示对顏色显著不同的灯光信号形成阳性运动反应和抑制性反应(簡单分化)以及对顏色相近的灯光信号形成阳性运动反应和抑制性反应(精細分化)。在联合这两个联 相似文献
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大脑两半球对McCollough效应敏感性的比较研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本实验通过对大脑两半球对McCollough效应敏感性的比较研究,探索了心理科学的最新发展之一——大脑两半球不对称性研究的新途径。 实验以正常右利手人为被试。采用单侧视野呈现技术,在控制眼动的情况下,探索了大脑两半球在McCollough效应形成过程中的差异问题及有关问题,并取得了较为可靠的实验材料。实验结果表明:1.大脑两半球对McCollo-ugh效应的敏感性是不同的,大脑右半球对McCollough效应的敏感性高于左半球。2.在双眼适应与单眼适应条件下的比较,被试两侧视野所见的McColl-ough效应彩度值的差值有显著差异。3.男性被试两侧视野所见的McCollou-gh效应彩度值的差值略高于女性被试。4.在同等条件下,女性被试较之于男性被试容易产生更大的McCollough效应。 相似文献
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本文就人类大脑两半球功能不对称性认识的起源、演变、最新发展进行了论述,尤其对五十年代以后出现的新研究技术及实验结果对传统观念的否定进行了综述。总的看,对大脑两半球功能不对称性的认识,经历了一个曲折复杂的发展过程。这个过程是一个随研究方法、研究手段、研究水平的发展而观念不断更新的过程、 相似文献
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脑半球功能特化是指,人的大脑两半球对认知活动作出的贡献有所不同。这方面的研究是要确定,人的高级认知活动哪些更依赖于左半球,哪些更依赖于右半球。已有的结果包括来自神经病理学研究、对正常人行为的研究、诱发电位研究、人与动物的比较研究、大脑特化个体发生的研究等各个方面的材料。这里对这些材料作个简要介绍。 相似文献
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两耳分听歌曲时大脑两半球功能的非对称性 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
一、问题 大量的科学实验与临床观察已经表明,人的大脑两半球不仅对躯体的活动有着交叉的控制,而且在某些高级神经活动的功能上也是有所侧重的。例如,对与言语有关的信息加工主要是左侧大脑半球的功能,而右侧大脑半球的损伤则将会导致对音乐旋律记忆的障碍。因此,应用分听技术,当两耳同时呈现不同的言语刺激时,由于大脑两半球功能的非对称性,对言语的识别主要是来自与言语中枢相反的一侧耳的信息,即表现为右耳的优 相似文献
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JOYCE E. WILLIAMS VICKY M. MACLEAN 《Journal of the history of the behavioral sciences》2012,48(4):339-362
This critical narrative history examines the development of sociology in the United States during what has come to be labeled as the Progressive Era, roughly the years from the 1890s to World War I. Despite the label, this era was defined as much by social problems associated with industrialization, urbanization, and immigration as by the growth of its cities and the wealth of its capitalists. We explore the roots of American sociology in the transition of protestant theology from Calvinism to its reformation in the social gospel, the simultaneous development of settlement houses, and the “creation” of sociology as the science of reform. 相似文献
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In this study, independent samples from the same population responded to three simulated situations in which sex and other independent variables were manipulated. In the first two cases, discriminatory decisions against women managers by male respondents were clearly discerned. However, in the third case where sex as an independent variable interacted with developmental potential, the pattern of evaluative decisions changed. A high-potential female was treated as favourably as a high-potential male while the low-potential male received the lowest selection rate from the male respondents. While the finding is not altogether surprising in a meritocratic society like Singapore, the study points to the need to explore the interactive effects which sex bias may have with other attitudes in a specific social context. 相似文献
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Beth J. Seelig 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2002,83(4):895-911
The relationship between the Greek goddess Athena and her father Zeus, together with the competitive hostility she displays towards other females, is presented as illustrating some previously neglected aspects of triangular developmental conflicts in the little girl. Literature on ‘the Oedipus complex in the female’ is reviewed and discussed. The mythological early histories of both Athena and the female monster Medusa are examined for the light they can shed on female developmental vicissitudes and resultant conflicts in both women and men. Unconscious split representations of women as assertive, phallic and dangerous, or alternatively passive, castrated and receptive result in defensive repudiation of the idea that a woman can be both actively assertive and also feminine and sexual. Athena's enraged action of transforming the beautiful young maiden Medusa into a monster as punishment for the ‘crime’ of having been raped in her temple is discussed as illustrating an outcome of the lack of resolution of the little girl's early triangular conflicts. 相似文献
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JOHN E. THIEL 《Heythrop Journal》1991,32(3):383-387