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1.
发展认知神经科学研究述评   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
刘俊升  桑标 《心理科学》2007,30(1):123-127
发展认知神经科学是发展心理学与认知神经科学相结合而形成的跨学科研究领域,旨在从神经、行为和情境三个水平,对认知发展的方方面面进行整合性研究。本文从发展认知神经科学的研究内容、研究方法及其对发展心理学的贡献进行了梳理,并对该学科未来发展的趋势进行了展望。  相似文献   

2.
催眠心理疗法已经成为一种重要的心理疗法,被越来越多的专业人员所青睐;现在倾向用生理心理整体结构理论来解释其实质;其生理和心理机制是一种“感应”中的暗示作用;使用催眠心理法应该遵守一定的原则;其技术构成非常严格,必须专业人员结合其它疗法来使用。  相似文献   

3.
催眠是一个复杂的现象.是很多心理过程的结合.从催眠的过程和外在表现来定叉催眠易造成混乱.从与催眠最相关的暗示、恍惚状态和催眠引导三个方面来阐述催眠的本质及其定义.最后对催眠的定义提出了一些建议.  相似文献   

4.
社会认知神经科学是社会科学和神经科学的交叉学科,其研究范式可以概括为三个研究层次和三种研究推论。三个研究层次分别是社会行为层次、信息加工层次和脑神经层次。三种研究推论为把社会行为现象归结为心理机制的心理推论,把心理机制归结为脑神经机制的机能推论,从心理机制或神经机制中推论社会行为的社会推论。在机能推论中,可以从三个维度区分三类脑神机制,即支持内源性和外源性加工的大脑内侧-外侧结构,支持自动化和控制性加工的大脑腹侧-背侧结构,支持高复杂性和低复杂性加工的大脑前部-后部结构。  相似文献   

5.
随着研究的深入,认知神经科学的技术和方法被越来越多地应用于网络成瘾的研究中.这些研究主要集中在对网络成瘾者的认知加工功能受损、注意偏向、认知加工倾向、抑制控制和感觉寻求以及网络成瘾的神经通路的研究.在此基础上指出了这些研究结果在探究网络成瘾的机制和实际应用中的价值,并提出未来的研究应该明确网络成瘾与高级认知功能损害的关系,整合现有的研究方法,扩大研究对象和研究指标,突出研究成果在网络成瘾鉴别和干预中的应用价值.  相似文献   

6.
人们一直深信催眠能够促进人的回忆。在国外,催眠技术已经在司法调查中被用于促进目击证人对目击情境的回忆。然而,实验研究却发现,催眠在促进证人回忆的同时,回忆信息的准确性降低,而且证人对错误信息的自信程度增加了。这一方面是催眠过程中催眠者对证人进行暗示的结果,另一方面是由于事后信息的误导,这些问题限制了“催眠面谈”在实际中的应用。事实上,与一般的警察面谈形式相比,催眠面谈中许多与催眠相关的因素,看似与催眠引导无关,但对回忆却产生了促进作用。比如,由于面谈中引入了心理的、临床的以及人际的技巧。催眠面谈往往比警察面谈更有效。“认知面谈”正是综合了这些因素而形成的一种新的面谈技术。可靠证据表明,该技术可以提高将近35%的回忆率,而且不会象催眠面谈那样产生记忆歪曲现象。  相似文献   

7.
朱莉  李克 《心理科学》2007,30(4):1013-1014,989
催眠是一种特殊的意识状态。本文从意识状态、疼痛及精神病理现象三个方面对脑功能成像在催眠状态中的研究进展进行了回顾,并对脑功能成像技术进行了比较。提出国内可以借鉴相应的方法来研究中国气功。  相似文献   

8.
侯岩   《心理科学进展》1993,11(1):40-435
目前,内隐记忆的研究大都通过正常的测验成绩,在同一个领域检验假设进行的。认知神经科学可以从不同角度,以不同方法,在不同领域使内隐记忆的理论得到诸多补充数据,提高并扩展内隐记忆的研究水平。它从自身研究方面论证了多重记忆系统和加工理论对许多来自单纯实验性操作中的结果无法解释的片面性,使两者在新的研究策略下达到协调统一,这种新的而非唯一的研究策略使内隐记忆的研究更趋完善和深入。  相似文献   

9.
表象是不是除命题表征之外的一种独立的表征问题一直是心理学上争论不休的话题。争论的焦点主要在视觉表象与视知觉的关系上,有些研究发现视觉表象能够激活视觉系统,甚至能够激活较早的视觉皮质(如V1区),而且视知觉的选择性障碍也会导致相应的视觉表象障碍,但另外的研究却没有发现视觉表象能够激活较早的视觉皮质,而且发现视觉表象与视知觉存在双重分离。文章最后讨论了视觉表象研究中存在的一些问题。  相似文献   

10.
社会认知神经科学研究的最新进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
社会认知神经科学是一门采用认知神经科学技术研究社会认知现象的交叉学科,目前已经形成认知神经科学与心理生理学的热点研究领域。该文回顾了近年来有关情绪、情绪障碍、自我意识、经济决策、道德等方面的脑机制研究,临床研究和脑成像研究表明,恐惧、厌恶、愤怒、惊讶、快乐、悲伤等基本情绪在表达和识别上具有普遍性与特殊性;孤独症与“男性脑”的特征相关,抗抑郁药百忧解对抑郁症儿童的治疗作用;在自我意识的研究领域,自我概念产生的脑区定位、灵长类的自我意象、精神疾病患者的自我概念变化等研究的热点问题;经济决策的研究最近成为亮点之一,主要包括强互惠合作、风险决策、跨期选择以及品牌决策等方面;在道德的脑机制研究中,重点涉及了道德判断与捐赠行为的神经基础。文章最后展望了社会认知神经科学在我国发展的前景  相似文献   

11.
    
In Japan, as in the west, suggestion theory was the predominant theory of hypnosis, and suggestive therapy was one of the most important, if not the most important, form of psychotherapy in the early 20th century. While the use of suggestion was met with objections on both scientific and moral grounds in the west, it was seen in a more positive light and has had a significant influence on the development of psychotherapy in Japan. With regard to the contexts of suggestion, suggestive power, suggestibility, and the effects of suggestion, this study will examine the distinctive conceptions and practices of suggestion developed by analogy with existing ideas about interpersonal influence, particularly with the concept of kanka (assimilative transformation) in Japan. They provide an interesting comparison to the western ideas of suggestion, helping us understand the historical and cultural particularity of western dynamic psychiatry and psychotherapy, particularly their presumptions about interpersonal influence.  相似文献   

12.
13.
    
We present 21 prominent myths and misconceptions about hypnosis in order to promulgate accurate information and to highlight questions for future research. We argue that these myths and misconceptions have (a) fostered a skewed and stereotyped view of hypnosis among the lay public, (b) discouraged participant involvement in potentially helpful hypnotic interventions, and (c) impeded the exploration and application of hypnosis in scientific and practitioner communities. Myths reviewed span the view that hypnosis produces a trance or special state of consciousness and allied myths on topics related to hypnotic interventions; hypnotic responsiveness and the modification of hypnotic suggestibility; inducing hypnosis; and hypnosis and memory, awareness, and the experience of nonvolition. By demarcating myth from mystery and fact from fiction, and by highlighting what is known as well as what remains to be discovered, the science and practice of hypnosis can be advanced and grounded on a firmer empirical footing.  相似文献   

14.
Appendix D     
Summary

Various issues of central importance to the field of trauma were continually raised and debated at the 1998 Meeting on Trauma and Cognitive Science. These included the representation of traumatic events in memory, the psychological and biological theories available to explain amnesia for traumatic events, the role of therapeutic suggestion in recovered memory experiences, the ways in which memories are recovered and the context in which this occurs, and the implications of our current knowledge about trauma and memory for therapy. This article details these discussions and in some cases provides a more general context from the literature on psychological trauma.  相似文献   

15.
    
Hypnosis can create temporary, but highly compelling alterations in belief. As such, it can be used to model many aspects of clinical delusions in the laboratory. This approach allows researchers to recreate features of delusions on demand and examine underlying processes with a high level of experimental control. This paper reviews studies that have used hypnosis to model delusions in this way. First, the paper reviews studies that have focused on reproducing the surface features of delusions, such as their high levels of subjective conviction and strong resistance to counter-evidence. Second, the paper reviews studies that have focused on modelling underlying processes of delusions, including anomalous experiences or cognitive deficits that underpin specific delusional beliefs. Finally, the paper evaluates this body of research as a whole. The paper discusses advantages and limitations of using hypnotic models to study delusions and suggests some directions for future research.  相似文献   

16.
ABSTRACT— Two world trends are powerfully reshaping human existence: the degradation, if not destruction, of large parts of the natural world, and unprecedented technological development. At the nexus of these two trends lies technological nature—technologies that in various ways mediate, augment, or simulate the natural world. Current examples of technological nature include videos and live webcams of nature, robot animals, and immersive virtual environments. Does it matter for the physical and psychological well-being of the human species that actual nature is being replaced with technological nature? As the basis for our provisional answer (it is "yes"), we draw on evolutionary and cross-cultural developmental accounts of the human relation with nature and some recent psychological research on the effects of technological nature. Finally, we discuss the issue—and area for future research—of "environmental generational amnesia." The concern is that, by adapting gradually to the loss of actual nature and to the increase of technological nature, humans will lower the baseline across generations for what counts as a full measure of the human experience and of human flourishing.  相似文献   

17.
Imaginative Suggestibility and Hypnotizability   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
More than a half-century of research aimed at identifying the predictors of hypnotic responding has been described as investigations of 'hypnotizability'. Most of that research, however, has disregarded the well-established findings that (a) people respond to suggestion without being hypnotized almost as much as they do following a hypnotic induction, and (b) nonhypnotic and hypnotic suggestibility are highly correlated. More recent studies have provided the first empirical data on predictors of individual differences in response to the induction of hypnosis. These studies indicate that individual differences in hypnotic suggestibility can be accounted for completely by nonhypnotic suggestibility, expectancy, motivation, and reaction time. Because the amount of variance accounted for is as great as the reliability of the hypnotic-suggestibility scale, and because nonhypnotic suggestibility has been controlled, no additional variables are necessary to account for hypnotic suggestibility.  相似文献   

18.
    
Here, we examined retrospective reports of adults’ earliest autobiographical memory, the age of this report and whether the reported age was associated with exposure to early life adversity, current anxiety and childhood attachment. Across four studies, we found that reporting a later ‘earliest’ memory was associated with higher self-reported anxiety in both American (Studies 1, 2 and 4) and Australian (Study 3) samples. Furthermore, in Studies 2–4, we found that reporting a later earliest memory uniquely predicted anxiety when controlling for number of adverse childhood events (a risk factor for the development of anxiety). In Study 4, we established that this relation is partially mediated by childhood anxious attachment. Although we consistently demonstrated that later earliest memories were associated with current anxiety, we found little evidence for a relation between reported age at the time of earliest memory and childhood adversity. We also found no evidence of gender differences in the associations of interest. These results suggest that poorer memory of early childhood is associated with greater childhood anxious attachment and anxiety in adulthood. The implications of this work are discussed in terms of the adaptive nature of autobiographical memory and the development of a coherent life narrative.  相似文献   

19.
    
ABSTRACT

In this article, I provide an overview of the problems associated with understanding the nature of early autobiographical memory and discuss issues concerning the forgetting of these memories (infantile/childhood amnesia). Specifically, I provide a brief exegesis as to whether such memories are stored in a fragile manner to begin with, become difficult to retrieve over time, or both. In order to answer this and other related questions, I review the contribution of the articles in this special issue to understanding the enigma that is infantile/childhood amnesia. I then outline some of the issues that remain and suggest a functional approach to understanding why the forgetting of early experiences may be more adaptive than remembering them. I conclude by suggesting that infantile amnesia may actually begin during infancy itself.  相似文献   

20.
    
ABSTRACT

This special issue brings together the scholarship that contributes diverse new perspectives on childhood amnesia – the scarcity of memories for very early life events. The topics of the studies reported in the special issue range from memories of infants and young children for recent and distant life events, to mother–child conversations about memories for extended lifetime periods, and to retrospective recollections of early childhood in adolescents and adults. The methodological approaches are diverse and theoretical insights rich. The findings together show that childhood amnesia is a complex and malleable phenomenon and that the waning of childhood amnesia and the development of autobiographical memory are shaped by a variety of interactive social and cognitive factors. This collective body of work will facilitate discussion and deepen our understanding of the dynamics that influence the accessibility, content, accuracy, and phenomenological qualities of memories from early childhood.  相似文献   

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